Tuesday, November 9, 2010
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
Saturday, October 16, 2010
Thursday, October 14, 2010
Wormhole Theory, an addendum to the Origins series, courtesy of David Rountree
Wormhole Theory
Ronnie Chen of Hampton University wrote in a recent article that “Although Einstein's General Relativity theory allows wormholes to exist, physicists have been trying for decades to construct them mathematically without breaking any other laws of physics. Most researchers agree that wormholes require "exotic matter", stuff that is repelled by gravity, rather than attracted, but some have claimed ways around that problem. Now a report in the 27 July PRL shows that all wormholes, no matter how cleverly constructed, require exotic matter; a condition that many in the field are already working to satisfy.
Matt Visser of Washington University in St. Louis, states that “The good news about Lorentzian wormholes is that after about ten years of hard work we cannot prove that they don't exist." But a publication five years ago (J.L. Friedmann, K. Schleich, and D.M. Witt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1486 (1993)) showed that a large class of wormholes require exotic matter to keep them open. As stated, researchers haven't given up, however, because exotic matter, the magic ingredient which has less energy than a pure vacuum, actually does exist, at least in small amounts, thanks to the ghostly virtual particles in certain quantum physics experiments.
However, no one knows if enough exotic matter can exist in a concentration dense enough in a spatial area to create a large enough wormhole to constitute multi-universal travel or trans-universal travel. An attempt to sidestep the problem, a number of theorists have claimed to construct special wormholes that do not require exotic matter. In their PRL paper, Visser and David Hochberg, of the Laboratory for Space Astrophysics and Fundamental Physics in Madrid, Spain, show that all wormholes, even time-dependent and asymmetric ones, require exotic matter, which in turn requires quantum mechanical effects. Visser is quoted as saying "You cannot just get away with normal classical physics," Visser and Chen blame many of the contrary claims on the widespread confusion about the precise definition of a wormhole and the concept of "passing through" it.
Their approach was to rigorously define a wormhole "throat" (the narrowest point) and show that because light rays spread out as they emerge from it, there must be a kind of "antigravity", the hallmark of exotic matter. In the process they found that time dependent wormholes actually have two throats, one for each direction of traffic, and they say that was one source of the confusion: A theoretical traveler could paradoxically pass the middle of the wormhole without actually reaching the throat for their direction. Part of the problem is the lack of a good physical picture for a dynamic wormhole, which is a complicated four-dimensional object; the usual image we see displayed in magazines and on the web only works for wormholes that don't change in time. (see below)
Eanna Flanagan, of Cornell University has stated that the requirement of exotic matter has been "pretty well understood in the community," despite the number of contrary papers and the lack of an air-tight proof. But the new work covers the bases quite explicitly by showing that requirement in a new and interesting way that supplements previous work, while also clarifying errors in other research.
This is a huge discovery from where I stand.
What I have been playing around with is rather simple; Most physicists I have spoken to, openly acknowledge the existence of millions of wormholes are most likely occurring at the Planck level. We don’t notice them because they are so small. In fact most of them exist at a sub-atomic level; so what if, two tiny strings approach each other. Much like what happens in the music store, when you strum an acoustic guitar string, all the other guitars begin to resonate their strings at the exact frequency of the guitar string you strummed. So IF, as the two strings approach each other, they begin to match frequencies, until they intertwine at resonance. This could be the genesis of the formation of a wormhole. If there is spatial area between two universes, and it doesn’t have to be much, it is very probably that this spatial area is made up of exotic matter, separating the universes under normal conditions. But if, as these wormholes form, the exotic matter is introduced into the forming throats, they will stabilize into a fully connected conduit, gapping the spatial separation, be it space, time or what have you.
The Type I string theory has vibrating strings like the rest of the string theories. These strings vibrate both in closed loops, so that the strings have no ends, and as open strings with two loose ends. The open loose strings are what separates the Type I string theory from the other four string theories. This was a feature that the other string theories did not contain (The Type IIA and Type IIB string theories also contain open strings, however these strings are bound). But then I also take into account supergravity.
Supergravity theories were classified by Werner Nahm. In 10 dimensions, there are only two supergravity theories, which are denoted Type IIA and Type IIB. This similar denomination is not a coincidence; the Type IIA string theory has the Type IIA supergravity theory as its low-energy limit and the Type IIB string theory gives rise to Type IIB supergravity. The heterotic SO(32) and heterotic E8×E8 string theories also reduce to Type IIA and Type IIB supergravity in the low-energy limit. This suggests that there may indeed be a relation between the heterotic/Type I theories and the Type II theories.
String theory includes both open strings, which have two distinct endpoints, and closed strings making a complete loop. The two types of string behave in slightly different ways, yielding two different spectra. For example, in most string theories, one of the closed string modes is the graviton, and one of the open string modes is the photon. Because the two ends of an open string can always meet and connect, forming a closed string, there are no string theories without closed strings. But no one has suggested that strings can also pair, form a duality, and co-resonate. And still better, there is nothing really in any of the theories that prevents this from occurring.
Edward Witten outlined the following relationship:
The Type IIA supergravity (corresponding to the heterotic SO(32) and Type IIA string theories) can be obtained by dimensional reduction from the single unique eleven-dimensional supergravity theory. This means that if one studied supergravity on an eleven-dimensional spacetime that looks like the product of a ten-dimensional spacetime with another very small one-dimensional manifold, one gets the Type IIA supergravity theory. (And the Type IIB supergravity theory can be obtained by using T-duality.) However, eleven-dimensional supergravity is not consistent on its own, it just doesn’t make sense at extremely high energy, and likely requires some form of completion. It seems plausible, then, that there is some quantum theory (M-theory) in eleven-dimensions which gives rise at low energies to eleven-dimensional supergravity, and is related to ten-dimensional string theory by dimensional reduction. Dimensional reduction to a circle yields the Type IIA string theory, and dimensional reduction to a line segment yields the heterotic SO(32) string theory. String theory has its origins in the dual resonance model that was first proposed by Gabriele Veneziano which described the strongly interacting hadrons as strings. But strings are associated with subatomic particles, but what if the string like manifestation is a more universal concept?
It is a fundamental fact of the physics of light that, the more energy a photon carries, the smaller a wavelength it has. For instance, visible light has a wavelength of around a few hundred nanometers, while the much more energetic gamma rays have a wavelength about the size of an atomic nucleus. The Planck energy and the Planck length are related in that a photon would need to have a Planck-scale energy value in order to have a wavelength as small as the Planck length.
To make things even more complicated, even if we could create a photon this energetic, we could not use it to precisely measure something at the Planck scale as it would be so energetic that the photon would collapse into a black hole before it returned any information. Thus, many physicists believe that the Planck scale represents some sort of fundamental limit on how small the distances we can probe are. We have of course talked at length about this. The Planck length may be the smallest physically meaningful size scale there is, in which case (and Allen will groove on this) the universe can be thought of as a tapestry of “pixels” each a Planck length in diameter.
The Planck energy scale is almost unimaginably large, while the Planck size scale is almost unimaginably small. The Planck energy is about a quintillion times larger than the energies achievable in our very best particle accelerators, which are used to create and observe exotic subatomic particles. A particle accelerator powerful enough to probe the Planck scale directly would need to have a circumference similar in size to the orbit of Mars, constructed from about as much material as our Moon.
Since such a particle accelerator is not likely to be built in the foreseeable future, physicists look to other methods for probing the Planck scale. One is looking for gigantic “cosmic strings” which may have been created when the universe as a whole was so hot and small that it had Planck-level energies. This would have occurred in the first trillionth of a second after the Big Bang. Or the Big Pour In. But more on that in my paper on the Megaverse.
Now here is the real poser. Not all strings are Planck level strings. Hence, a 2 meter opening may not be all that rare of an occurrence as we might think. It just takes a whole lot more energy to form it. But let’s take a side trip into the phenomena known as the Quantum Vortex.
In physics, a quantum vortex is a topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors. The existence of these quantum vortices were independently predicted by Richard Feynman and Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov in the 1950s. They were later observed experimentally in Type-II superconductors, liquid helium, and atomic gases. I know this seems like a wandering off course, but bear with me for a little bit.
A quantum vortex in a superfluid is different to one in a superconductor. The key similarity is that they are both topological defects, and they are both quantized. In addition, the makeup of each quantum vortex is neither superfluid nor superconductor, for each system. In a superfluid, a quantum vortex "carries" the angular momentum, thus allowing the superfluid to rotate; in a superconductor, the vortex carries the magnetic flux. This is an important thing or two things to keep in mind. So let’s go into a little deeper. It is vitally important for us to understand quantum effects in materials we can observe and record, so that we might apply them to areas in which we can’t, at least, not yet anyway. So try to stick with me on this.
Vortex in a superfluid
In a superfluid, a quantum vortex is a hole with the superfluid circulating around the vortex; the inside of the vortex may contain excited particles, air, vacuum, or possibly Mickey Mouse, it doesn’t really matter. What does matter, however, is that the thickness of the vortex depends upon the chemical make-up of the superfluid; in liquid helium, the thickness is on the order of a few Angstroms.
A superfluid has the special property of having phase, given by the wavefunction, and the velocity of the superfluid is proportional to the gradient of the phase. The circulation around any closed loop in the superfluid is zero, if the region enclosed is simply connected. The superfluid is deemed irrotational. However, if the enclosed region actually contains a smaller region that is an absence of superfluid, for example a rod through the superfluid or a vortex, then the circulation is mathematically,
where is Planck's constant divided by 2π, m is the mass of the superfluid particle, and Δφ is the phase difference around the vortex. Because the wavefunction must return to its same value after an integral number of turns around the vortex (similar to what is described in the Bohr model), then Δφ = 2πn, where n is an integer. Thus, we find that the circulation is quantized:
Now before you run away clutching your head looking for the Aleve, let’s explore this effect in a superconductor.
Vortex in a superconductor
A principal property of superconductors is that they expel magnetic fields; this is called the Meissner effect. If the magnetic field becomes sufficiently strong, one scenario is for the superconductive state to be "quenched". However, in some cases, it may be energetically favorable for the superconductor to form a quantum vortex, which carries a quantized amount of magnetic flux through the superconductor. Meanwhile, the superconductive state prevails in the regions around the vortex. A superconductor that is capable of carrying a vortex is called a type-II superconductor.
Over some enclosed area S, the magnetic flux is demonstrated by:
.
Substituting a result of London's second equation: , we discover that
,
where ns, m, and es are the number density, mass and charge of the Cooper pairs.
If the region, S, is large enough so that along , then
.
The flow of current can cause vortices in a superconductor to move. In some circumstances, this leads to energy dissipation and causes the material to display a small amount of electrical resistance while in the superconducting state
Statistical Mechanics of Vortex Lines
If the temperature is raised in a superfluid or a superconductor, the vortex loops undergo a second-order phase transition. This happens when the configurational entropy overcomes the Boltzmann factor which suppresses the thermal generation of vortex lines. The lines form a condensate. Since the center of the lines, the vortex cores, are normal liquid or normal conductors, respectively, the condensation transforms the superfluid or superconductor into the normal state. The ensembles of vortex lines and their phase transitions can be described efficiently by a gauge theory. The gauge theory has great similarity with the gauge theory of electrons and photons, the famous quantum electrodynamics (QED) and is therefore called "quantum vortex dynamics" (QVD).
Now I will provide the fly for the ointment, or rather, Geoff Haselhurst does this nicely in his paper entitled “The Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) provides a more Simple & Sensible Description of Reality than Vortex Theory”, of which I will shamelessly quote from now. Keep in mind, this is his work, not my own.
Eight Arguments for Why Space cannot Flow
1. Concept of Flowing / Liquids applies to matter.
There are no justifications for applying concept of 'flowing' to space itself. Flowing is an empirical thing, not a metaphysical thing and all philosophers of science realize that reality is not founded on empirical things. (I would arguably disagree with the term “all here” but for the sake of introducing the grit which will eventually form the pearl, let’s hear it out. – DR)
"Rather, they start this, displaying it to the senses, .... and go on to offer more or less rigorous demonstrations of the per se attributes of their proprietary genera. This sort of procedure is inductive and it is as plain as a pikestaff that it does not amount to a demonstration of essence or of what it is to be a thing." (Aristotle, Metaphysics)
"But also philosophy is not about perceptible substances (they, you see, are prone to destruction)" (Aristotle, Metaphysics)
2. Flowing matter is understood as loosely bound wave centers in a nearly rigid (wave medium) space.
The Wave Structure of Matter explains how liquids (and solids / gases) form due to the interaction of the spherical In and Out-Waves in a nearly rigid space / wave medium. Thus there is no need to apply the concept of 'flowing' to Space itself.
3. For Space to flow it cannot be continuously connected, but must be made of loosely connected parts
This causes two fundamental problems for human knowledge;
i) You are no longer describing reality from One substance thus you loose necessary connection.
ii) You must explain what these parts are and how they are connected, which requires assuming existence of many things.
(Basically you are defeating the whole purpose and beauty of WSM in explaining how matter is interconnected - which is the central problem of particle / field theories in space time.)
4. You are applying motion twice to space, as Wave Motion and as Flowing Motion of Space.
It would be strange indeed if, at the most fundamental level of reality, Motion existed in two different forms, as both Wave Motion of Space (which explains 'flowing' motion) and also as flowing motion of Space.
5. Thus you are not abiding by Ockham's Razor, the most simple theory that explains most things is best.
In fact you could discuss ideas of flowing space for the next 100 years and never resolve anything, as it is obvious it will lead to
endless difficulties. (And history shows this is true, vortex theories have been around for centuries).
6. If Space flowed with planets as they orbit / spin then our observations of the universe would be affected.
7. Flowing Space contradicts Einstein's relativity which is partly correct as follows;
i) Matter affects Space
ii) Matter is spherically spatially extended - not a particle.
iii) Space-Time (really waves in Space) is rigid.
Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense,
therefore, there exists an ether. According to the general theory of relativity space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense. But this ether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as consisting of parts which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion (i.e. flowing motion of particles) may not be applied to it. (Albert Einstein, Leiden Lecture, 1920)
"The inseparability of time and space emerged in connection with electrodynamics, or the law of propagation of light. With the discovery of the relativity of simultaneity, space and time were merged in a single continuum in a way similar to that in which the three dimensions of space had previously merged into a single continuum. Physical space was thus extended to a four dimensional space which also included the dimension of time. The four dimensional space of the special theory of relativity is just as rigid and absolute as Newton's space. (Albert Einstein, 1954)
I should add that Einstein was very close to the truth in realising that matter was not a 'particle' but rather that matter, space and time are all part of one thing.
When forced to summarize the general theory of relativity in one sentence:
Time and space and gravitation have no separate existence from matter.(Albert Einstein)
His error was to work with fields and describe matter as spherical fields in spacetime, rather than spherical waves in space. His matter curves spacetime is correct once you realise that spacetime is waves in space, and these waves do affect the properties of the wave medium (e.g. curving of waves / light as it propagates past sun.
(Also see other science articles on Einstein below)
8. Finally, there is simply no empirical evidence to support it. It does not explain anything that the WSM in rigid space explains.
There is simply no justification in introducing it as a concept.
And a 9th point about vortex theory. Matter interacts spherically, vortices do not explain this, the WSM does. Matter interacts with all other matter in universe, vortex theory does not explain this, WSM does (with mathematical precision).
While we can certainly imagine 'flowing space' it is prudent to remember the words of Leibniz;
... a distinction must be made between true and false ideas, and that too much rein must not be given to a man's (woman's) imagination under pretext of its being a clear and distinct intellection. (Leibniz, 1670)
-Fin-
Now let me retake the wheel. But what if, the laws of Quantum vortex apply to “space” simply because space exhibits the properties of a superfluid as well as a superconductor? There is certainly evidence that both conditions occur. One more quote first;
The Vortex Theory is based upon the hypothesis that time does not exist as a fundamental principle of the universe, but instead, only exists as a phenomenon created by motion, a “shadow” of motion.
The implications of this single philosophical idea possess disastrous consequences for all of 20th Century science. Every belief based upon the idea of time is at jeopardy. Especially Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (Relativity is based upon the existence of a fourth dimension called “SPACE-TIME!”). It was realized that even Newton’s laws needed to be looked at again.
Although both Einstein and Newton were giants in the world of science, their reasoning processes were both based upon time. They both believed in time. Even though Newton believed time was linear [the same everywhere in the universe], and Einstein believed it was relative, the result was the same – they both believed time was a real and fundamental principle of the universe. Because of this fact, they incorporated it into their visions of how the universe was constructed.
But if time does not exist as a fundamental principle of the universe, then Einstein’s fourth dimension of space-time does not contain any “Time” characteristics. Hence, it can no longer be used as an explanation for the length shrinkage and time dilation effects revealed by Michelson and Morley’s famous experiment.
To correct this error, the true nature of time must first be discovered. Then because time was used to explain how matter, space, energy, and the forces of nature are constructed – we have to start all over again. But this “time”, using the correct nature of time, we can rediscover how matter, space, energy, and the forces of nature are really constructed. So how do we do it?
When time is eliminated as a cause for these length shrinkage and time dilation effects, the only thing left to explain what is happening is the increased velocity of matter itself as it moves through space. Consequently, there must be an intrinsic relationship between matter, space, and velocity whose interactions create a mechanical explanation for the results of the Michelson Morley experiment.
http://www.thevortextheory.com
Well Duh. The intrinsic relationship IS time!
But enough oif this. Just try to remember all of these things and stop cussing me out for giving you a migraine. On to the magical ingredient, Exotic Matter. But first, a side argument between myself and Tony Bermanseder
David – “What would happen if exotic matter mixed with our own matter?”
Tony – “You will have to define 'exotic matter' in terms of the standard model , David.
As you know, I do not envisage the presence of antimatter as necessary to model the cosmogenesis.
Relative to my understanding, the X-AntiX GUT bosonic string did NOT bifurcate into a X-Boson of matter and an Anti-X Boson for antimatter preceding the baryogenesis.
Alternatively the X-AntiX Gut Goldstone boson bifurcated directly into a quark/baryon-lepton coupling to 'break' the string/membrane supersymmetry from the massless Goldstone state into inertial selfstates.
Therefore, the invocation of 'exotic matter', say representing a negative mass definition in the standard model in addition to the equivalence principle for inertial and gravitational mass is unwarranted.
It is indicated that it is the charge of antimatter selfstates {+-E=mc^2} which is in mirror symmetry (say negative) and NOT the mass; as the oppositely charges attract before annihilation. If it were the masses negating each other, then the like charges would repel (electromagnetic interaction being stronger than the weak and gravitational interactions).
In the Casimir effect, the local 'negative mass' effect describes a 'decrease in energy' say in moving the plates closer together and so indicates a 'negative force'.
This does not require 'negative mass', per se, but could be interpreted as such.
I so would say, that the 'exotic matter' is simply the 'dark energy' as the ZPE/VPE subjected to 'confinement', say the Casimir conductor plates or some other cavity thereby isolating the ZPE/VPE and allowing Casimir Pressure to develop.
I have invoked antimatter as a primary part of the standard model to propose the existence and the breaking of the primordial gauge symmetry.
Then this postulated matter-antimatter symmetry relates to what mass is, say in the e1quivalence principle related to the negative mass as a third such 'equivalence'.
Then the negative mass relates to the ZPE in the Casimir effect of the 'shielding' of a spacetime region.
This negative mass then relates in some as yet undefined manner to 'exotic matter'.
I do NOT subscribe to parallel universes or the 'many worlds' because all forms of 'exotic matter' become superfluous should you redefine the original breaking of the gauge symmetry not in matter-antimatter, but in EMR-AntiEMR.
Your approach should concentrate on what MASS is, before postulating 'exotic matter' which by definition is related to 'negative mass'.”
David – “The what causes the particle annihilations?
For the gamma photons to manifest a ZPE transformation, say pair-annihilation or neutral pion decay OR an electron transition by Planck's Law (fusion or fission) is required.
So if you have particle annihilation and not a transition, then the matter-antimatter coupling will be engaged.
Now the important aspect unknown by the pundits is that the gauge particles of the ZPE are COLOUR-charged (and linked to the Dirac monopole say); whilst the massproduced photons (caused by the acceleration of electro charges) are not.
So you have an incoming gamma photon which is not color charged (it is its own antiparticle in chiral probability distribution) interacting with a gluon-color-charged nucleus say.
Pair-Production then TRANSFERS the color charges of the nucleus in the gauges (gluon, virtual photon, suppressed antiphoton and graviton) to the resulting matter-antimatter pair using the colorless gamma photon as a conduit.
In your case then, the reverse quantum mechanics applies from the ZPE level (before the electron-positron pairing materializes in the E=hf<-->E=mc^2 gauge physics).
The colorless gamma photons represent so a direct manifestation of the ZPE without the invocation of the matter-antimatter coupling.
In particular the EMF Gauge-Photon 'unifies' with the Graviton in RGB(+1)+BGR(-2) in longrange gauge unification with the clockwise deficit (-1) coupling to the strongweak unification of the shortrange gauges in the Gluon's RGB(+1) and the Antiphoton's BGR(+1).
This then allows the 'Dark Matter' particle (RMP(-1)=RestMassPhoton) to couple the longrange gauges to the shortrange gauges in an overall reconstitution of the primordial gauge symmetry.
The unification template is then the mesonic quark-antiquark or matter-antimatter 'virtual' template of the nuclear interaction, but does not manifest in the materialization of matter-antimatter couplings, say a positron-electron pairing.
With all due respect here, I disagree. Exotic matter is not have to be anti-matter, in our current understanding. While anti-matter is certainly exotic, not all exotic matter is anti-matter. I would like to go back to the day astronomers found 90% of the universe. April 23rd, 1992. And what exactly was it that these astronomers discovered? A new kind of matter. For many years, physicists suspected that the universe must have a different kind of matter. Ordinary matter, like electrons, protons, neutrons, and everything we see on planet Earth is made up of ordinary matter. Ordinary matter strongly interacts with radiation, so it's rather easy for astronomers to detect it.
But there was a small problem. Actually, it was a huge problem. In 1990, the cosmic background explorer satellite proved that the universe is extremely entropic, specifically, it’s entropy measure is 1,000,000,000. Entropy measures the efficiency with which a system radiates heat and light, and the inefficiency in which it performs work. The universe it turns out is by far the most entropic system in all existence.
This discover led to the problem. If the universe has that high a degree of entropy and all matter strongly interacts with radiation, and the radiation left over from the creation event measures to be incredibly smooth, then the matter likewise should be that smoothly distributed. But it isn't. AHA!
As you look at the galaxies and clusters of galaxies, rather than being smoothly distributed like the radiation from the creation event, it's lumpy and clumpy. Astronomers wanted to know why. We have proof that the universe was created in a hot, big, bang due to the incredible entropy, but how do we explain the galaxies? Well, the discovery of exotic matter explains the clustering of the galaxies. Exotic matter does not strongly interact with radiation, and because it doesn't, it can clump independent of the radiation. Since it doesn't really matter in gravity whether the matter is exotic or ordinary, the laws of physics still apply. Two massive objects will attract one another under the law of gravity, and if one of those massive objects is made of ordinary matter and the other is made of exotic matter, they will still attract. Once exotic matter clumps, it can draw ordinary matter to it, and hence we can have the universe we see today. The radiation from the creation event is still very smoothly distributed, but the galaxies and clusters of galaxies are clumped.
April 23, 1992 was the first detection an astronomer made of this type of matter. Since that time, there have been seven other independent detections of this exotic matter.
But even this isn’t the only exotic matter. Experiments at CERN and at FermiLab have also created forms of exotic matter, albeit in small amounts. And guess what? It isn’t anti-matter. It is matter with negative mass. Now we can move forward with prying open the oyster, and producing the pearl.
The Megaverse
As you all know by now, and are probably driven crazy from my ramblings, I am trying to make a “quantum leap” from a hypothesis to a theory on a special kind of wormhole. As such, I have to reconcile my differences to formulate an explanation that is at least displaying some resemblance of probability. In order to do this I had to come to grips with the holographic boundary effect, not at the universe level, but as a containment boundary in which the mega-verse manifests. Hence the “stew pot” analogy; the exotic matter would be the medium in which the universes within the mega-verse “floats”; the savory flavors would represent the interaction that these individual universes exhibit on the medium, and this could very well explain what we have recently discovered and called “Dark Flow”; additionally, remnants of the genesis of the mega-verse has left numerous cosmic superstrings, each vibrating at its own special frequency. At times, these strings come into close proximity with one another; as they approach, they seek resonance with one another, and entangle; entanglement is complete when both strings hit mutual resonance or harmonize; at this point, a double helix wormhole forms and stabilizes with the assistance of the exotic matter from the medium being “sucked” into the dual throats; a “quantum conduit” completes the connection between two adjacent Universes, but almost immediately minor annihilations occur when the exotic matter mixes with our own matter; Once the exotic matter depletes to a certain point, instability occurs, and the wormhole structure collapses. But let’s start at the top and work our way down. To me the megaverse is a huge pot of stew. The pot itself is comprised of the holographic boundary. This concept is commonly used to explain our universe; but it goes far beyond our universe. The holographic principle is a property of quantum gravity and string theories which states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a boundary to the region specifically a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon. First proposed by Gerardus 't Hooft, it was given a precise string-theory interpretation by the plumber, Leonard Susskind (Leonard started out as a plumber before becoming one of the greatest quantum Physicists in the world).
In a larger and more speculative sense, the theory suggests that the entire universe and in my perspective, the megaverse, can be seen as a two-dimensional information structure "painted" on the cosmological horizon, such that the three dimensions we observe are only an effective description at macroscopic scales and at low energies. Cosmological holography has not been made mathematically precise, partly because the cosmological horizon has a finite area and grows with time.
The holographic principle was inspired by black hole thermodynamics, which implies that the maximal entropy in any region scales with the radius squared, and not cubed as might be expected. In the case of a black hole, the insight was that the description of all the objects which have fallen in can be entirely contained in surface fluctuations of the event horizon. The holographic principle resolves the black hole information paradox within the framework of string theory. So let’s say that the pot, is the holographic boundary. It keeps the stew contained.
The Holographic Boundary of the Megaverse – The “Stew Pot”
The stew pot of course is filled with all the ingredients of the megaverse, which of course would be all the universes, (the carrots, onions, meat, celery would be the universes).
The universes that are ingredients of the stew
But the universes must remain isolated from each other, or catastrophic events could occur when matter that is opposite, or out of phase touches, the megaverse could become a megaboom. This insulating material, or “broth”, would be exotic matter. This would allow the universes to freely float around in the pot of stew, and come very close to one another without creating any interference on a grand or macro scale. However, there are exceptions. Recently, astronomers have discovered at the center of our galaxy not just a large wormhole, but two large wormholes, orbiting each other, creating a quantum vortex. On January 4th, 2010, Universe today ran this article:
Dual Black Holes Spinning in a Cosmic Dance – Complete with Disco Ball
Astronomers have discovered 33 pairs of merging black holes in cosmic dances around each other, a finding that was predicted or ‘choreographed’ by Isaac Newton. “These results are significant because we now know that these ‘waltzing’ black holes are much more common than previously known,” said Dr. Julia Comerford of the University of California, Berkeley, at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington, DC. “Galaxy mergers are causing the waltzing, can use this finding to determine how often mergers occur. The black holes dancing towards us are shifted towards blue light, and those moving away from us are shifted toward the red. So it is like a cosmic disco ball showing us where the black holes are dancing.”
An image of the galaxy COSMOS J100043.15+020637.2 taken with
the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope.
Image courtesy Dr. Julia Comerford.
The dances are occurring in dual black holes, which are different from binary black holes in that the distance between the two objects is much larger for dual black holes.
“These black holes have a separation of a kilo parsec,” said Comerford. “You haven’t heard about lots of small binary black holes, because no one has definitively found any yet. But this is the next best thing. We know these duals are going to merge and can use models to find out how often they merge.”
The team was able to observe the black holes that have gas collapsing onto them, and this gas releases energy and powers each black hole as an active galactic nucleus (AGN), which lights up the black hole like a Christmas tree.
Astronomical observations have shown that nearly every galaxy has a central supermassive black hole (with a mass of a million to a billion times the mass of the Sun), and also that galaxies commonly collide and merge to form new, more massive galaxies. As a consequence of these two observations, a merger between two galaxies should bring two supermassive black holes to the new, more massive galaxy formed from the merger. The two black holes gradually in-spiral toward the center of this galaxy, engaging in a gravitational tug-of-war with the surrounding stars. The result is a black hole dance. Such a dance is expected to occur in our own Milky Way Galaxy in about 3 billion years, when it collides with the Andromeda Galaxy.
The team of astronomers used two new techniques to discover the waltzing black holes. First, they identified waltzing black holes and their velocities by the disco ball of the red-shift or blue-shift.
The second technique for identifying waltzing black holes through a chance discovery of a curious-looking galaxy. While visually inspecting images of galaxies taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope, the team noticed a galaxy with a tidal tail of stars, gas, and dust, an unmistakable sign that the galaxy had recently merged with another galaxy, and the galaxy also featured two bright nuclei near its center. The team recognized that the two bright nuclei might be the AGNs of two waltzing black holes, a hypothesis seemingly supported by the recent galaxy merger activity evinced by the tidal tail. To test this hypothesis, the very next night the team obtained a spectrum of the galaxy with the DEIMOS spectrograph on the 10-meter (400-inch) Keck II Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
The spectrum showed that the two central nuclei in the galaxy were indeed both AGNs, supporting the team’s hypothesis that the galaxy has two supermassive black holes. The black holes may be waltzing within the host galaxy, or the galaxy may have a recoiling black hole kicked out of the galaxy by gravity wave emission; additional observations are necessary to distinguish between these explanations.
Comerford said these new techniques can be used to find many more waltzing pairs in the future.
Could this be a macro example of the famous Double Helix, famous in the micro realm as DNA? Yes Virginia, it is. So now, at the galaxy level, we have a double helix, a quantum vortex, and evidence of matter flow. Coupled with super conductivity. Ummmm…remember how this paper began? And where do the energy, mass and matter that enter these black holes go? How does our universe continue to expand?
In the megaverse, there are all types of universes in all states of existence. Some expanding, some contracting. The law of conservation of energy is an empirical law of physics. It states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time (is said to be conserved over time). A consequence of this law is that energy can neither be created nor destroyed: it can only be transformed from one state to another. The only thing that can happen to energy in a closed system is that it can change form: for instance chemical energy can become kinetic energy. So if our universe is expanding, where is the energy coming from? It may be from other universes that are contracting. If this is the case, our universe may have started with a big flow, not a big bang. Perhaps it was a big pop. Consider two universes in close proximity in the stew pot. A brane emerges from one due to expansion. That brane, a bubble if you will, bulges out. It erupts into an adjacent small universe, and begins to pour massive amounts of matter and energy into the smaller bubble. The smaller bubble expands at a fantastic, or “explosive” rate, and like a deflating balloon, the universe feed it begins to contract. Or instead of a brane, or bubble, let’s think of an incredibly large black hole. A black hole may punch through into the smaller bubble with accelerated energy and matter pouring out of its host universe. But no matter how the mechanics work, no energy conservation law is violated. But back to the pearl of the paranormal paradox. The worm hole. Specifically, the Transuniversal Wormhole.
Floating in the broth, are incredibly long cosmic strings. These strings are numerous, perhaps infinite in theor population, and each one of them vibrates at its own unique frequency. On occasion, however, these strings approach one another. As they do, they begin to resonate with each other and entangle. As they entangle, the form a double helix as part of a quantum vortex effect. If there are two adjacent universes in proximity to this entanglement, the strings will be affected by the gravitational pull of these universes.
Two Cosmic Strings approach
The begin to resonate
Once they reach resonance they entangle, the gravity of the two adjacent universes attract them. In some cases, one end of the pair goes toward one universe, while the opposite ends are attracted to the other. As they come into contact, the “broth” of exotic matter stabilizes the throats, and a conduit is created.
Connected, stable, trans-universal wormhole
At this point, information, energy and matter can travel back and forth between the two universes, depending on which conduit tube they travel through. But, there is a problem. Due to incompatibility with exotic matter and our own matter, since we are not isolated from direct contact by a holographic barrier, particle annihilations occur. The exotic matter quickly depletes, and the wormhole collapses, only to reform once a sufficient amount of stabilizing exotic matter is accumulated. So how does this tie into the study of paranormal phenomena?
Paranormal phenomena, regardless of the area of study (Cryptozoology, UFOlogy or “spirit manifestations” are highly transitory. They come and go, much like a wormhole. What if, these wormholes are the conduit between our world and the next? My team has collected evidence that may indicate just such a relationship.
Ronnie Chen of Hampton University wrote in a recent article that “Although Einstein's General Relativity theory allows wormholes to exist, physicists have been trying for decades to construct them mathematically without breaking any other laws of physics. Most researchers agree that wormholes require "exotic matter", stuff that is repelled by gravity, rather than attracted, but some have claimed ways around that problem. Now a report in the 27 July PRL shows that all wormholes, no matter how cleverly constructed, require exotic matter; a condition that many in the field are already working to satisfy.
Matt Visser of Washington University in St. Louis, states that “The good news about Lorentzian wormholes is that after about ten years of hard work we cannot prove that they don't exist." But a publication five years ago (J.L. Friedmann, K. Schleich, and D.M. Witt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1486 (1993)) showed that a large class of wormholes require exotic matter to keep them open. As stated, researchers haven't given up, however, because exotic matter, the magic ingredient which has less energy than a pure vacuum, actually does exist, at least in small amounts, thanks to the ghostly virtual particles in certain quantum physics experiments.
However, no one knows if enough exotic matter can exist in a concentration dense enough in a spatial area to create a large enough wormhole to constitute multi-universal travel or trans-universal travel. An attempt to sidestep the problem, a number of theorists have claimed to construct special wormholes that do not require exotic matter. In their PRL paper, Visser and David Hochberg, of the Laboratory for Space Astrophysics and Fundamental Physics in Madrid, Spain, show that all wormholes, even time-dependent and asymmetric ones, require exotic matter, which in turn requires quantum mechanical effects. Visser is quoted as saying "You cannot just get away with normal classical physics," Visser and Chen blame many of the contrary claims on the widespread confusion about the precise definition of a wormhole and the concept of "passing through" it.
Their approach was to rigorously define a wormhole "throat" (the narrowest point) and show that because light rays spread out as they emerge from it, there must be a kind of "antigravity", the hallmark of exotic matter. In the process they found that time dependent wormholes actually have two throats, one for each direction of traffic, and they say that was one source of the confusion: A theoretical traveler could paradoxically pass the middle of the wormhole without actually reaching the throat for their direction. Part of the problem is the lack of a good physical picture for a dynamic wormhole, which is a complicated four-dimensional object; the usual image we see displayed in magazines and on the web only works for wormholes that don't change in time. (see below)
Eanna Flanagan, of Cornell University has stated that the requirement of exotic matter has been "pretty well understood in the community," despite the number of contrary papers and the lack of an air-tight proof. But the new work covers the bases quite explicitly by showing that requirement in a new and interesting way that supplements previous work, while also clarifying errors in other research.
This is a huge discovery from where I stand.
What I have been playing around with is rather simple; Most physicists I have spoken to, openly acknowledge the existence of millions of wormholes are most likely occurring at the Planck level. We don’t notice them because they are so small. In fact most of them exist at a sub-atomic level; so what if, two tiny strings approach each other. Much like what happens in the music store, when you strum an acoustic guitar string, all the other guitars begin to resonate their strings at the exact frequency of the guitar string you strummed. So IF, as the two strings approach each other, they begin to match frequencies, until they intertwine at resonance. This could be the genesis of the formation of a wormhole. If there is spatial area between two universes, and it doesn’t have to be much, it is very probably that this spatial area is made up of exotic matter, separating the universes under normal conditions. But if, as these wormholes form, the exotic matter is introduced into the forming throats, they will stabilize into a fully connected conduit, gapping the spatial separation, be it space, time or what have you.
The Type I string theory has vibrating strings like the rest of the string theories. These strings vibrate both in closed loops, so that the strings have no ends, and as open strings with two loose ends. The open loose strings are what separates the Type I string theory from the other four string theories. This was a feature that the other string theories did not contain (The Type IIA and Type IIB string theories also contain open strings, however these strings are bound). But then I also take into account supergravity.
Supergravity theories were classified by Werner Nahm. In 10 dimensions, there are only two supergravity theories, which are denoted Type IIA and Type IIB. This similar denomination is not a coincidence; the Type IIA string theory has the Type IIA supergravity theory as its low-energy limit and the Type IIB string theory gives rise to Type IIB supergravity. The heterotic SO(32) and heterotic E8×E8 string theories also reduce to Type IIA and Type IIB supergravity in the low-energy limit. This suggests that there may indeed be a relation between the heterotic/Type I theories and the Type II theories.
String theory includes both open strings, which have two distinct endpoints, and closed strings making a complete loop. The two types of string behave in slightly different ways, yielding two different spectra. For example, in most string theories, one of the closed string modes is the graviton, and one of the open string modes is the photon. Because the two ends of an open string can always meet and connect, forming a closed string, there are no string theories without closed strings. But no one has suggested that strings can also pair, form a duality, and co-resonate. And still better, there is nothing really in any of the theories that prevents this from occurring.
Edward Witten outlined the following relationship:
The Type IIA supergravity (corresponding to the heterotic SO(32) and Type IIA string theories) can be obtained by dimensional reduction from the single unique eleven-dimensional supergravity theory. This means that if one studied supergravity on an eleven-dimensional spacetime that looks like the product of a ten-dimensional spacetime with another very small one-dimensional manifold, one gets the Type IIA supergravity theory. (And the Type IIB supergravity theory can be obtained by using T-duality.) However, eleven-dimensional supergravity is not consistent on its own, it just doesn’t make sense at extremely high energy, and likely requires some form of completion. It seems plausible, then, that there is some quantum theory (M-theory) in eleven-dimensions which gives rise at low energies to eleven-dimensional supergravity, and is related to ten-dimensional string theory by dimensional reduction. Dimensional reduction to a circle yields the Type IIA string theory, and dimensional reduction to a line segment yields the heterotic SO(32) string theory. String theory has its origins in the dual resonance model that was first proposed by Gabriele Veneziano which described the strongly interacting hadrons as strings. But strings are associated with subatomic particles, but what if the string like manifestation is a more universal concept?
It is a fundamental fact of the physics of light that, the more energy a photon carries, the smaller a wavelength it has. For instance, visible light has a wavelength of around a few hundred nanometers, while the much more energetic gamma rays have a wavelength about the size of an atomic nucleus. The Planck energy and the Planck length are related in that a photon would need to have a Planck-scale energy value in order to have a wavelength as small as the Planck length.
To make things even more complicated, even if we could create a photon this energetic, we could not use it to precisely measure something at the Planck scale as it would be so energetic that the photon would collapse into a black hole before it returned any information. Thus, many physicists believe that the Planck scale represents some sort of fundamental limit on how small the distances we can probe are. We have of course talked at length about this. The Planck length may be the smallest physically meaningful size scale there is, in which case (and Allen will groove on this) the universe can be thought of as a tapestry of “pixels” each a Planck length in diameter.
The Planck energy scale is almost unimaginably large, while the Planck size scale is almost unimaginably small. The Planck energy is about a quintillion times larger than the energies achievable in our very best particle accelerators, which are used to create and observe exotic subatomic particles. A particle accelerator powerful enough to probe the Planck scale directly would need to have a circumference similar in size to the orbit of Mars, constructed from about as much material as our Moon.
Since such a particle accelerator is not likely to be built in the foreseeable future, physicists look to other methods for probing the Planck scale. One is looking for gigantic “cosmic strings” which may have been created when the universe as a whole was so hot and small that it had Planck-level energies. This would have occurred in the first trillionth of a second after the Big Bang. Or the Big Pour In. But more on that in my paper on the Megaverse.
Now here is the real poser. Not all strings are Planck level strings. Hence, a 2 meter opening may not be all that rare of an occurrence as we might think. It just takes a whole lot more energy to form it. But let’s take a side trip into the phenomena known as the Quantum Vortex.
In physics, a quantum vortex is a topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors. The existence of these quantum vortices were independently predicted by Richard Feynman and Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov in the 1950s. They were later observed experimentally in Type-II superconductors, liquid helium, and atomic gases. I know this seems like a wandering off course, but bear with me for a little bit.
A quantum vortex in a superfluid is different to one in a superconductor. The key similarity is that they are both topological defects, and they are both quantized. In addition, the makeup of each quantum vortex is neither superfluid nor superconductor, for each system. In a superfluid, a quantum vortex "carries" the angular momentum, thus allowing the superfluid to rotate; in a superconductor, the vortex carries the magnetic flux. This is an important thing or two things to keep in mind. So let’s go into a little deeper. It is vitally important for us to understand quantum effects in materials we can observe and record, so that we might apply them to areas in which we can’t, at least, not yet anyway. So try to stick with me on this.
Vortex in a superfluid
In a superfluid, a quantum vortex is a hole with the superfluid circulating around the vortex; the inside of the vortex may contain excited particles, air, vacuum, or possibly Mickey Mouse, it doesn’t really matter. What does matter, however, is that the thickness of the vortex depends upon the chemical make-up of the superfluid; in liquid helium, the thickness is on the order of a few Angstroms.
A superfluid has the special property of having phase, given by the wavefunction, and the velocity of the superfluid is proportional to the gradient of the phase. The circulation around any closed loop in the superfluid is zero, if the region enclosed is simply connected. The superfluid is deemed irrotational. However, if the enclosed region actually contains a smaller region that is an absence of superfluid, for example a rod through the superfluid or a vortex, then the circulation is mathematically,
where is Planck's constant divided by 2π, m is the mass of the superfluid particle, and Δφ is the phase difference around the vortex. Because the wavefunction must return to its same value after an integral number of turns around the vortex (similar to what is described in the Bohr model), then Δφ = 2πn, where n is an integer. Thus, we find that the circulation is quantized:
Now before you run away clutching your head looking for the Aleve, let’s explore this effect in a superconductor.
Vortex in a superconductor
A principal property of superconductors is that they expel magnetic fields; this is called the Meissner effect. If the magnetic field becomes sufficiently strong, one scenario is for the superconductive state to be "quenched". However, in some cases, it may be energetically favorable for the superconductor to form a quantum vortex, which carries a quantized amount of magnetic flux through the superconductor. Meanwhile, the superconductive state prevails in the regions around the vortex. A superconductor that is capable of carrying a vortex is called a type-II superconductor.
Over some enclosed area S, the magnetic flux is demonstrated by:
.
Substituting a result of London's second equation: , we discover that
,
where ns, m, and es are the number density, mass and charge of the Cooper pairs.
If the region, S, is large enough so that along , then
.
The flow of current can cause vortices in a superconductor to move. In some circumstances, this leads to energy dissipation and causes the material to display a small amount of electrical resistance while in the superconducting state
Statistical Mechanics of Vortex Lines
If the temperature is raised in a superfluid or a superconductor, the vortex loops undergo a second-order phase transition. This happens when the configurational entropy overcomes the Boltzmann factor which suppresses the thermal generation of vortex lines. The lines form a condensate. Since the center of the lines, the vortex cores, are normal liquid or normal conductors, respectively, the condensation transforms the superfluid or superconductor into the normal state. The ensembles of vortex lines and their phase transitions can be described efficiently by a gauge theory. The gauge theory has great similarity with the gauge theory of electrons and photons, the famous quantum electrodynamics (QED) and is therefore called "quantum vortex dynamics" (QVD).
Now I will provide the fly for the ointment, or rather, Geoff Haselhurst does this nicely in his paper entitled “The Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) provides a more Simple & Sensible Description of Reality than Vortex Theory”, of which I will shamelessly quote from now. Keep in mind, this is his work, not my own.
Eight Arguments for Why Space cannot Flow
1. Concept of Flowing / Liquids applies to matter.
There are no justifications for applying concept of 'flowing' to space itself. Flowing is an empirical thing, not a metaphysical thing and all philosophers of science realize that reality is not founded on empirical things. (I would arguably disagree with the term “all here” but for the sake of introducing the grit which will eventually form the pearl, let’s hear it out. – DR)
"Rather, they start this, displaying it to the senses, .... and go on to offer more or less rigorous demonstrations of the per se attributes of their proprietary genera. This sort of procedure is inductive and it is as plain as a pikestaff that it does not amount to a demonstration of essence or of what it is to be a thing." (Aristotle, Metaphysics)
"But also philosophy is not about perceptible substances (they, you see, are prone to destruction)" (Aristotle, Metaphysics)
2. Flowing matter is understood as loosely bound wave centers in a nearly rigid (wave medium) space.
The Wave Structure of Matter explains how liquids (and solids / gases) form due to the interaction of the spherical In and Out-Waves in a nearly rigid space / wave medium. Thus there is no need to apply the concept of 'flowing' to Space itself.
3. For Space to flow it cannot be continuously connected, but must be made of loosely connected parts
This causes two fundamental problems for human knowledge;
i) You are no longer describing reality from One substance thus you loose necessary connection.
ii) You must explain what these parts are and how they are connected, which requires assuming existence of many things.
(Basically you are defeating the whole purpose and beauty of WSM in explaining how matter is interconnected - which is the central problem of particle / field theories in space time.)
4. You are applying motion twice to space, as Wave Motion and as Flowing Motion of Space.
It would be strange indeed if, at the most fundamental level of reality, Motion existed in two different forms, as both Wave Motion of Space (which explains 'flowing' motion) and also as flowing motion of Space.
5. Thus you are not abiding by Ockham's Razor, the most simple theory that explains most things is best.
In fact you could discuss ideas of flowing space for the next 100 years and never resolve anything, as it is obvious it will lead to
endless difficulties. (And history shows this is true, vortex theories have been around for centuries).
6. If Space flowed with planets as they orbit / spin then our observations of the universe would be affected.
7. Flowing Space contradicts Einstein's relativity which is partly correct as follows;
i) Matter affects Space
ii) Matter is spherically spatially extended - not a particle.
iii) Space-Time (really waves in Space) is rigid.
Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense,
therefore, there exists an ether. According to the general theory of relativity space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense. But this ether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as consisting of parts which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion (i.e. flowing motion of particles) may not be applied to it. (Albert Einstein, Leiden Lecture, 1920)
"The inseparability of time and space emerged in connection with electrodynamics, or the law of propagation of light. With the discovery of the relativity of simultaneity, space and time were merged in a single continuum in a way similar to that in which the three dimensions of space had previously merged into a single continuum. Physical space was thus extended to a four dimensional space which also included the dimension of time. The four dimensional space of the special theory of relativity is just as rigid and absolute as Newton's space. (Albert Einstein, 1954)
I should add that Einstein was very close to the truth in realising that matter was not a 'particle' but rather that matter, space and time are all part of one thing.
When forced to summarize the general theory of relativity in one sentence:
Time and space and gravitation have no separate existence from matter.(Albert Einstein)
His error was to work with fields and describe matter as spherical fields in spacetime, rather than spherical waves in space. His matter curves spacetime is correct once you realise that spacetime is waves in space, and these waves do affect the properties of the wave medium (e.g. curving of waves / light as it propagates past sun.
(Also see other science articles on Einstein below)
8. Finally, there is simply no empirical evidence to support it. It does not explain anything that the WSM in rigid space explains.
There is simply no justification in introducing it as a concept.
And a 9th point about vortex theory. Matter interacts spherically, vortices do not explain this, the WSM does. Matter interacts with all other matter in universe, vortex theory does not explain this, WSM does (with mathematical precision).
While we can certainly imagine 'flowing space' it is prudent to remember the words of Leibniz;
... a distinction must be made between true and false ideas, and that too much rein must not be given to a man's (woman's) imagination under pretext of its being a clear and distinct intellection. (Leibniz, 1670)
-Fin-
Now let me retake the wheel. But what if, the laws of Quantum vortex apply to “space” simply because space exhibits the properties of a superfluid as well as a superconductor? There is certainly evidence that both conditions occur. One more quote first;
The Vortex Theory is based upon the hypothesis that time does not exist as a fundamental principle of the universe, but instead, only exists as a phenomenon created by motion, a “shadow” of motion.
The implications of this single philosophical idea possess disastrous consequences for all of 20th Century science. Every belief based upon the idea of time is at jeopardy. Especially Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (Relativity is based upon the existence of a fourth dimension called “SPACE-TIME!”). It was realized that even Newton’s laws needed to be looked at again.
Although both Einstein and Newton were giants in the world of science, their reasoning processes were both based upon time. They both believed in time. Even though Newton believed time was linear [the same everywhere in the universe], and Einstein believed it was relative, the result was the same – they both believed time was a real and fundamental principle of the universe. Because of this fact, they incorporated it into their visions of how the universe was constructed.
But if time does not exist as a fundamental principle of the universe, then Einstein’s fourth dimension of space-time does not contain any “Time” characteristics. Hence, it can no longer be used as an explanation for the length shrinkage and time dilation effects revealed by Michelson and Morley’s famous experiment.
To correct this error, the true nature of time must first be discovered. Then because time was used to explain how matter, space, energy, and the forces of nature are constructed – we have to start all over again. But this “time”, using the correct nature of time, we can rediscover how matter, space, energy, and the forces of nature are really constructed. So how do we do it?
When time is eliminated as a cause for these length shrinkage and time dilation effects, the only thing left to explain what is happening is the increased velocity of matter itself as it moves through space. Consequently, there must be an intrinsic relationship between matter, space, and velocity whose interactions create a mechanical explanation for the results of the Michelson Morley experiment.
http://www.thevortextheory.com
Well Duh. The intrinsic relationship IS time!
But enough oif this. Just try to remember all of these things and stop cussing me out for giving you a migraine. On to the magical ingredient, Exotic Matter. But first, a side argument between myself and Tony Bermanseder
David – “What would happen if exotic matter mixed with our own matter?”
Tony – “You will have to define 'exotic matter' in terms of the standard model , David.
As you know, I do not envisage the presence of antimatter as necessary to model the cosmogenesis.
Relative to my understanding, the X-AntiX GUT bosonic string did NOT bifurcate into a X-Boson of matter and an Anti-X Boson for antimatter preceding the baryogenesis.
Alternatively the X-AntiX Gut Goldstone boson bifurcated directly into a quark/baryon-lepton coupling to 'break' the string/membrane supersymmetry from the massless Goldstone state into inertial selfstates.
Therefore, the invocation of 'exotic matter', say representing a negative mass definition in the standard model in addition to the equivalence principle for inertial and gravitational mass is unwarranted.
It is indicated that it is the charge of antimatter selfstates {+-E=mc^2} which is in mirror symmetry (say negative) and NOT the mass; as the oppositely charges attract before annihilation. If it were the masses negating each other, then the like charges would repel (electromagnetic interaction being stronger than the weak and gravitational interactions).
In the Casimir effect, the local 'negative mass' effect describes a 'decrease in energy' say in moving the plates closer together and so indicates a 'negative force'.
This does not require 'negative mass', per se, but could be interpreted as such.
I so would say, that the 'exotic matter' is simply the 'dark energy' as the ZPE/VPE subjected to 'confinement', say the Casimir conductor plates or some other cavity thereby isolating the ZPE/VPE and allowing Casimir Pressure to develop.
I have invoked antimatter as a primary part of the standard model to propose the existence and the breaking of the primordial gauge symmetry.
Then this postulated matter-antimatter symmetry relates to what mass is, say in the e1quivalence principle related to the negative mass as a third such 'equivalence'.
Then the negative mass relates to the ZPE in the Casimir effect of the 'shielding' of a spacetime region.
This negative mass then relates in some as yet undefined manner to 'exotic matter'.
I do NOT subscribe to parallel universes or the 'many worlds' because all forms of 'exotic matter' become superfluous should you redefine the original breaking of the gauge symmetry not in matter-antimatter, but in EMR-AntiEMR.
Your approach should concentrate on what MASS is, before postulating 'exotic matter' which by definition is related to 'negative mass'.”
David – “The what causes the particle annihilations?
For the gamma photons to manifest a ZPE transformation, say pair-annihilation or neutral pion decay OR an electron transition by Planck's Law (fusion or fission) is required.
So if you have particle annihilation and not a transition, then the matter-antimatter coupling will be engaged.
Now the important aspect unknown by the pundits is that the gauge particles of the ZPE are COLOUR-charged (and linked to the Dirac monopole say); whilst the massproduced photons (caused by the acceleration of electro charges) are not.
So you have an incoming gamma photon which is not color charged (it is its own antiparticle in chiral probability distribution) interacting with a gluon-color-charged nucleus say.
Pair-Production then TRANSFERS the color charges of the nucleus in the gauges (gluon, virtual photon, suppressed antiphoton and graviton) to the resulting matter-antimatter pair using the colorless gamma photon as a conduit.
In your case then, the reverse quantum mechanics applies from the ZPE level (before the electron-positron pairing materializes in the E=hf<-->E=mc^2 gauge physics).
The colorless gamma photons represent so a direct manifestation of the ZPE without the invocation of the matter-antimatter coupling.
In particular the EMF Gauge-Photon 'unifies' with the Graviton in RGB(+1)+BGR(-2) in longrange gauge unification with the clockwise deficit (-1) coupling to the strongweak unification of the shortrange gauges in the Gluon's RGB(+1) and the Antiphoton's BGR(+1).
This then allows the 'Dark Matter' particle (RMP(-1)=RestMassPhoton) to couple the longrange gauges to the shortrange gauges in an overall reconstitution of the primordial gauge symmetry.
The unification template is then the mesonic quark-antiquark or matter-antimatter 'virtual' template of the nuclear interaction, but does not manifest in the materialization of matter-antimatter couplings, say a positron-electron pairing.
With all due respect here, I disagree. Exotic matter is not have to be anti-matter, in our current understanding. While anti-matter is certainly exotic, not all exotic matter is anti-matter. I would like to go back to the day astronomers found 90% of the universe. April 23rd, 1992. And what exactly was it that these astronomers discovered? A new kind of matter. For many years, physicists suspected that the universe must have a different kind of matter. Ordinary matter, like electrons, protons, neutrons, and everything we see on planet Earth is made up of ordinary matter. Ordinary matter strongly interacts with radiation, so it's rather easy for astronomers to detect it.
But there was a small problem. Actually, it was a huge problem. In 1990, the cosmic background explorer satellite proved that the universe is extremely entropic, specifically, it’s entropy measure is 1,000,000,000. Entropy measures the efficiency with which a system radiates heat and light, and the inefficiency in which it performs work. The universe it turns out is by far the most entropic system in all existence.
This discover led to the problem. If the universe has that high a degree of entropy and all matter strongly interacts with radiation, and the radiation left over from the creation event measures to be incredibly smooth, then the matter likewise should be that smoothly distributed. But it isn't. AHA!
As you look at the galaxies and clusters of galaxies, rather than being smoothly distributed like the radiation from the creation event, it's lumpy and clumpy. Astronomers wanted to know why. We have proof that the universe was created in a hot, big, bang due to the incredible entropy, but how do we explain the galaxies? Well, the discovery of exotic matter explains the clustering of the galaxies. Exotic matter does not strongly interact with radiation, and because it doesn't, it can clump independent of the radiation. Since it doesn't really matter in gravity whether the matter is exotic or ordinary, the laws of physics still apply. Two massive objects will attract one another under the law of gravity, and if one of those massive objects is made of ordinary matter and the other is made of exotic matter, they will still attract. Once exotic matter clumps, it can draw ordinary matter to it, and hence we can have the universe we see today. The radiation from the creation event is still very smoothly distributed, but the galaxies and clusters of galaxies are clumped.
April 23, 1992 was the first detection an astronomer made of this type of matter. Since that time, there have been seven other independent detections of this exotic matter.
But even this isn’t the only exotic matter. Experiments at CERN and at FermiLab have also created forms of exotic matter, albeit in small amounts. And guess what? It isn’t anti-matter. It is matter with negative mass. Now we can move forward with prying open the oyster, and producing the pearl.
The Megaverse
As you all know by now, and are probably driven crazy from my ramblings, I am trying to make a “quantum leap” from a hypothesis to a theory on a special kind of wormhole. As such, I have to reconcile my differences to formulate an explanation that is at least displaying some resemblance of probability. In order to do this I had to come to grips with the holographic boundary effect, not at the universe level, but as a containment boundary in which the mega-verse manifests. Hence the “stew pot” analogy; the exotic matter would be the medium in which the universes within the mega-verse “floats”; the savory flavors would represent the interaction that these individual universes exhibit on the medium, and this could very well explain what we have recently discovered and called “Dark Flow”; additionally, remnants of the genesis of the mega-verse has left numerous cosmic superstrings, each vibrating at its own special frequency. At times, these strings come into close proximity with one another; as they approach, they seek resonance with one another, and entangle; entanglement is complete when both strings hit mutual resonance or harmonize; at this point, a double helix wormhole forms and stabilizes with the assistance of the exotic matter from the medium being “sucked” into the dual throats; a “quantum conduit” completes the connection between two adjacent Universes, but almost immediately minor annihilations occur when the exotic matter mixes with our own matter; Once the exotic matter depletes to a certain point, instability occurs, and the wormhole structure collapses. But let’s start at the top and work our way down. To me the megaverse is a huge pot of stew. The pot itself is comprised of the holographic boundary. This concept is commonly used to explain our universe; but it goes far beyond our universe. The holographic principle is a property of quantum gravity and string theories which states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a boundary to the region specifically a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon. First proposed by Gerardus 't Hooft, it was given a precise string-theory interpretation by the plumber, Leonard Susskind (Leonard started out as a plumber before becoming one of the greatest quantum Physicists in the world).
In a larger and more speculative sense, the theory suggests that the entire universe and in my perspective, the megaverse, can be seen as a two-dimensional information structure "painted" on the cosmological horizon, such that the three dimensions we observe are only an effective description at macroscopic scales and at low energies. Cosmological holography has not been made mathematically precise, partly because the cosmological horizon has a finite area and grows with time.
The holographic principle was inspired by black hole thermodynamics, which implies that the maximal entropy in any region scales with the radius squared, and not cubed as might be expected. In the case of a black hole, the insight was that the description of all the objects which have fallen in can be entirely contained in surface fluctuations of the event horizon. The holographic principle resolves the black hole information paradox within the framework of string theory. So let’s say that the pot, is the holographic boundary. It keeps the stew contained.
The Holographic Boundary of the Megaverse – The “Stew Pot”
The stew pot of course is filled with all the ingredients of the megaverse, which of course would be all the universes, (the carrots, onions, meat, celery would be the universes).
The universes that are ingredients of the stew
But the universes must remain isolated from each other, or catastrophic events could occur when matter that is opposite, or out of phase touches, the megaverse could become a megaboom. This insulating material, or “broth”, would be exotic matter. This would allow the universes to freely float around in the pot of stew, and come very close to one another without creating any interference on a grand or macro scale. However, there are exceptions. Recently, astronomers have discovered at the center of our galaxy not just a large wormhole, but two large wormholes, orbiting each other, creating a quantum vortex. On January 4th, 2010, Universe today ran this article:
Dual Black Holes Spinning in a Cosmic Dance – Complete with Disco Ball
Astronomers have discovered 33 pairs of merging black holes in cosmic dances around each other, a finding that was predicted or ‘choreographed’ by Isaac Newton. “These results are significant because we now know that these ‘waltzing’ black holes are much more common than previously known,” said Dr. Julia Comerford of the University of California, Berkeley, at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington, DC. “Galaxy mergers are causing the waltzing, can use this finding to determine how often mergers occur. The black holes dancing towards us are shifted towards blue light, and those moving away from us are shifted toward the red. So it is like a cosmic disco ball showing us where the black holes are dancing.”
An image of the galaxy COSMOS J100043.15+020637.2 taken with
the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope.
Image courtesy Dr. Julia Comerford.
The dances are occurring in dual black holes, which are different from binary black holes in that the distance between the two objects is much larger for dual black holes.
“These black holes have a separation of a kilo parsec,” said Comerford. “You haven’t heard about lots of small binary black holes, because no one has definitively found any yet. But this is the next best thing. We know these duals are going to merge and can use models to find out how often they merge.”
The team was able to observe the black holes that have gas collapsing onto them, and this gas releases energy and powers each black hole as an active galactic nucleus (AGN), which lights up the black hole like a Christmas tree.
Astronomical observations have shown that nearly every galaxy has a central supermassive black hole (with a mass of a million to a billion times the mass of the Sun), and also that galaxies commonly collide and merge to form new, more massive galaxies. As a consequence of these two observations, a merger between two galaxies should bring two supermassive black holes to the new, more massive galaxy formed from the merger. The two black holes gradually in-spiral toward the center of this galaxy, engaging in a gravitational tug-of-war with the surrounding stars. The result is a black hole dance. Such a dance is expected to occur in our own Milky Way Galaxy in about 3 billion years, when it collides with the Andromeda Galaxy.
The team of astronomers used two new techniques to discover the waltzing black holes. First, they identified waltzing black holes and their velocities by the disco ball of the red-shift or blue-shift.
The second technique for identifying waltzing black holes through a chance discovery of a curious-looking galaxy. While visually inspecting images of galaxies taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope, the team noticed a galaxy with a tidal tail of stars, gas, and dust, an unmistakable sign that the galaxy had recently merged with another galaxy, and the galaxy also featured two bright nuclei near its center. The team recognized that the two bright nuclei might be the AGNs of two waltzing black holes, a hypothesis seemingly supported by the recent galaxy merger activity evinced by the tidal tail. To test this hypothesis, the very next night the team obtained a spectrum of the galaxy with the DEIMOS spectrograph on the 10-meter (400-inch) Keck II Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
The spectrum showed that the two central nuclei in the galaxy were indeed both AGNs, supporting the team’s hypothesis that the galaxy has two supermassive black holes. The black holes may be waltzing within the host galaxy, or the galaxy may have a recoiling black hole kicked out of the galaxy by gravity wave emission; additional observations are necessary to distinguish between these explanations.
Comerford said these new techniques can be used to find many more waltzing pairs in the future.
Could this be a macro example of the famous Double Helix, famous in the micro realm as DNA? Yes Virginia, it is. So now, at the galaxy level, we have a double helix, a quantum vortex, and evidence of matter flow. Coupled with super conductivity. Ummmm…remember how this paper began? And where do the energy, mass and matter that enter these black holes go? How does our universe continue to expand?
In the megaverse, there are all types of universes in all states of existence. Some expanding, some contracting. The law of conservation of energy is an empirical law of physics. It states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time (is said to be conserved over time). A consequence of this law is that energy can neither be created nor destroyed: it can only be transformed from one state to another. The only thing that can happen to energy in a closed system is that it can change form: for instance chemical energy can become kinetic energy. So if our universe is expanding, where is the energy coming from? It may be from other universes that are contracting. If this is the case, our universe may have started with a big flow, not a big bang. Perhaps it was a big pop. Consider two universes in close proximity in the stew pot. A brane emerges from one due to expansion. That brane, a bubble if you will, bulges out. It erupts into an adjacent small universe, and begins to pour massive amounts of matter and energy into the smaller bubble. The smaller bubble expands at a fantastic, or “explosive” rate, and like a deflating balloon, the universe feed it begins to contract. Or instead of a brane, or bubble, let’s think of an incredibly large black hole. A black hole may punch through into the smaller bubble with accelerated energy and matter pouring out of its host universe. But no matter how the mechanics work, no energy conservation law is violated. But back to the pearl of the paranormal paradox. The worm hole. Specifically, the Transuniversal Wormhole.
Floating in the broth, are incredibly long cosmic strings. These strings are numerous, perhaps infinite in theor population, and each one of them vibrates at its own unique frequency. On occasion, however, these strings approach one another. As they do, they begin to resonate with each other and entangle. As they entangle, the form a double helix as part of a quantum vortex effect. If there are two adjacent universes in proximity to this entanglement, the strings will be affected by the gravitational pull of these universes.
Two Cosmic Strings approach
The begin to resonate
Once they reach resonance they entangle, the gravity of the two adjacent universes attract them. In some cases, one end of the pair goes toward one universe, while the opposite ends are attracted to the other. As they come into contact, the “broth” of exotic matter stabilizes the throats, and a conduit is created.
Connected, stable, trans-universal wormhole
At this point, information, energy and matter can travel back and forth between the two universes, depending on which conduit tube they travel through. But, there is a problem. Due to incompatibility with exotic matter and our own matter, since we are not isolated from direct contact by a holographic barrier, particle annihilations occur. The exotic matter quickly depletes, and the wormhole collapses, only to reform once a sufficient amount of stabilizing exotic matter is accumulated. So how does this tie into the study of paranormal phenomena?
Paranormal phenomena, regardless of the area of study (Cryptozoology, UFOlogy or “spirit manifestations” are highly transitory. They come and go, much like a wormhole. What if, these wormholes are the conduit between our world and the next? My team has collected evidence that may indicate just such a relationship.
Sunday, October 10, 2010
Origin 7 : The Shape of Things to Come
In Origin 7, I will issue updates about the European Planck mission to survey and examine the CMBR, as it should yield vital data about the nature and composition of our universe from the moments of its first beginnings until now.
As you may remember from Origin 6, I drew a direct comparison between gravity and dark energy and stated that they might be two sides of the same coin, just functioning on different scales, but both products of a single omniversal entropic force (perhaps the single unifying force from which all the forces originated, with gravity/dark energy merely being its shadow effect projected into our universe) that keeps the balance within the omniverse intact in terms of matter/energy distribution.
I also indicated that our universe has a geometric shape similar to a mobius strip-- this originates from the idea that it was hatched inside a rotating black hole and the rotation of the black hole torques space-time, creating a ring "singularity" and thus the shape of our universe visible as a 2D shadow upon its holographic boundary. Our mobius strip (with the help of gravity/dark energy) can be expanded into a horn torus in 3 dimensions or a hypersphere (specifically a 4 dimensional glome) in 4 dimensions and on the larger scales that is what our universe should look like, with light being able to take at least two paths from the same source to reach us. The center of this geometric shape actually corresponds to a white hole in which dark matter and dark energy, upon entering the black hole inside our parent universe, exit into our universe, thus causing space-time to expand and resulting in the expanding universe we perceive. Once a sufficient entropic balance is achieved between the parent universe and our own, the entropic force will reverse itself and gravity will cause the universe to collapse back in on itself and restart the cycle. It will restart because gravity becomes a repulsive force at smaller than 10 planck lengths, which would be when the universe's external boundary approaches the central white hole, which "bounces" it back. Even though at this time there doesnt seem to be enough matter in the universe to generate enough gravitation for this to occur, it will happen when enough matter has passed through the parent white hole (the amount of dark energy passing through will lessen as the entropy of the parent universe increases, thus the balance of dark matter and dark energy will favor the former over the latter.) This will be in the form of dark matter, whose concentrations will rise as the eons pass by. The only reason this hasnt happened already is because of the existence of dark flow-- which is a gravitational leak from an adjacent megaverse (a collection of parallel universes with different laws of physics superimposed upon each other, much like ours is)-- which pulls the edges of our megaverse further apart (and perhaps leaks matter from our megaverse into theirs-- much like whats going on with ours.) Because this adjacent megaverse is leaking gravity into ours it MUST be in a state of contraction (a phase which ultimately results in gravitational collapse) and once the superimposed states of the different parallel universes in this megaverse have collapsed into each other, with the causal boundaries between each of them dissolving due to the intense gravity it will re big bang (a process we will go through billions of years later.) When this happens, the dark flow effect will disappear because the new megaverse that emerges will be expanding and separating into a new set of superimposed parallel universes and this explosive expansion will cause a cosmic shockwave which will cause our megaverse to begin the contraction process. The addition of dark matter streaming through from our parent universe will accelerate that process with time and the higher concentration of gravity will eventually lead to the same thing that happened to our neighbor megaverse. Thus we will balance each other out and create a feedback loop that cycles both of our megaverses from big bang to big bang. Even when our parent universe expands so much that the wormhole connection between it and ours breaks down (black hole "evaporation") and then it contracts to cyclically bang again, there will be other newly formed connections from other universes to take its place (preserving our toroidal shape) and thus the process shall continue.
The omniverse itself should have the structure of a spindle torus, but expanded outward to 11 dimensions to include the gravity brane (the "dip at the center" which leaks out into all the resident universes-- 10D curving into the 11th dimension) as well as hyperspace and imaginary time and the 4+4 dimensions and their complements. Let the two component circles of the torus represent hyperspace and imaginary time. The intersection point of the torus represents the part all of its resident universes hold in common-- gravity and ZPE-- and the cosmic distribution points of black holes, white holes and their wormhole bridges. The spindle torus structure is mimicked in the internal tree like structure of the omniverse in terms of its megaverses, their satellite quadverses and their component universes.
I also mentioned the existence of something I call "ALL TIME." This is how I envision parallel timeverses all being part of the same universe, just bounded by a luxon wall that separates all the parallel timeverses by light barriers (with wormholes offering conduits into every past and every future and explaining the nonlocality of quantum effects.) As a matter of fact, if our brains could perceive higher dimensions we would see that time-- the so-called 4th dimension-- merely represents our brain's incomplete attempt to perceive a fourth spatial dimension. Because our five senses arent capable of this, we perceive something we call "time" instead. Instead of categorizing spatial and temporal dimensions separately we should consider them together and the existence of time indicates to us the presence of a fourth spatial dimension that we cannot directly sense except in the way it causes changes in the other three dimensions. If we could directly sense this fourth dimension, we would notice that, just like with the spatial dimensions, there is no real change-- but that all the past, present and futures all exist at every moment (because we cant directly sense the fourth dimension we only perceive single snapshots of "time.") This is what people who experience things like deja vu, "past lives" and even "future lives" or precognition might really be detecting-- the true nature of time as the fourth spatial dimension. Hyperspace and Imaginary Time, the two parent dimensions, are probably just two sides of the same coin and their apparent separation into other dimensions that caused universes to bubble up from the bulk was the result of random fluctuations in the ZPE caused up gravity/dark energy that created all the other dimensions much the same way pair production occurs and creates matter out of energy. The same process applies to universe/antiverse creation (see below concerning this in 4+4 complementary dimensions.) Evidence of parallel universes and an adjacent megaverse should be apparent in high resolution CMBR data like what the Planck Satellite can provide, as CMBR should present us with a tapestry of the universe both before and after it branched off into parallel timeverses. These timeverses should be indicated by repetitive shadows and highlights in the CMBR data that, like a fun house mirror, are distorted reflections that are of a slightly different energy level from each other. Evidence of an adjacent megaverse should be apparent as its gravitational leak will cause the whole background tapestry to redshift more than expected.
Recent research suggests that consciousness exists in 8 dimensions (while the body only exists in the 3+1) and if this is true, it means that consciousness-- or at least some form of conscious energy-- actually survives death because it is timeless. The physical corporeal part of us is a mere bookmark in this larger reality in which we are connected by this conscious energy into a collective consciousness that spans the universe and beyond (including animate and nonanimate matter and energy-- further explained in Origin 4.) Thus we can be exposed to and influenced by outside conscious energy that can create a full spectrum of emotions as well as physical effects upon us. I propose that these 8 dimensions are the result of pair production that resulted when our dimensions were first created from hyperspace and imaginary time and the other 4 dimensions are complementary to the 4 dimensions we already know. I also conjecture that the body can only exist in 4 dimensions at one time but when it expires it fluctuates back and forth in different forms between the 4 dimensions it originally resided in and crossing a luxon barrier ("going into the light") into the 4 complementary dimensions that were produced during pair production. (This is further explained in Origin 1 and 2.) The consciousness, which is timeless, remains in all 8 at the same time and retains some vestigial memories of the previous fluctuations and even the ones to follow. Our minds normally bury most of this so we dont clutter our memories. Actually, the fact that consciousness exists in 8 dimensions instead of just 4 indicates yet another higher order dualistic symmetry-- the conscious mind typically operates in the conventional 4 dimensions, while the subconscious also has access to the additional 4 complementary dimensions. Since the toroidal nature of our universe allows for the existence of an antiverse on the "inside", upon death, not only do our bodies flip over to this antiverse (or the mirrorverse, which might be more likely, since it experiences time like we do, while another set of flipping might occur between the antiverse and the antimirrorverse), but our conscious and subconscious also flip and trade places when they cross over! On the level of the torus, having the antiverse on the inside conserves many conservation laws, including those of charge, parity and spin. Being made of mirror matter in the same quantities as ours is made of matter conserves charge and parity and spin are conserved in the sense that being the mirrorverse to our own, if ours spins counterclockwise, it spins clockwise and vice versa. In the case of parity, flipping the spatial coordinates is conserved because of the existence of the mirrorverse. The existence of mirror matter and the mirrorverse resolves the parity violations observed with the weak interaction, as the violations occur exactly opposite to this in the mirrorverse. Each universe should have its own mirrorverse and vice versa on its "flip side" created as an analog to pair production. As a matter of fact, going back to the 2D scale structure of the universe on the scale of quantum interactions, we have a way of resolving the four color problem (that no more than four colors are required to color the regions on a map so that no two adjacent regions have the same color) on the omniversal scale by splitting each protoverse into 4 universes-- matter, antimatter, mirror matter and antimirror matter, all separated by the luxon wall and interconnected by wormholes! These would all be quantumly entangled (via the worm holes) much like 4 qubit quantum entanglement in a quantum computer (which is another way of looking at our universe and, indeed, the megaverse and omniverse also!) Another indication of this structure is how a toroidal surface can be separated into 4 circles (two in the regular fashion and two when turned inside out.) As a matter of fact, while the omniverse is a spindle torus, our quadverse would be a horn torus, with the intersection point representing the point of origin of the cyclic big bang (the ultimate white hole!), which is reached in alternating fashion by the universe and its mirror complement, and then by the antiverse and its mirror complement. If our universe were to be considered "on top" of the torus, the mirrorverse would be "on the bottom" while the two antiverses would be on the "inside"-- with our antiverse on the "top inside" and the mirror antiverse on the "bottom inside." But since our universe is expanding, we have to be considered on the inside (the ones on the outside contain central black holes not white holes).... so if ours was on the top inside, the mirrorverse would be on the bottom inside, with the antiverse on the top and the antimirrorverse on the bottom of the torus. Two of these would always be contracting while the other two were expanding and time would run opposite in them (anti vs "normal" matter, with the "anti" containing complementary time, thus going through cycles opposite to ours and the mirrorverse... as a matter of fact, because the antiverse and the antimirrorverse contain dimensions complementary to those of our own universe and our mirrorverse, they arent affected by the adjacent megaverse in the same way in terms of expansion and contraction-- that is to say, they are only affected by the corresponding antiverses and the antimirrorverses in the quadverses of the adjacent megaverse, while our universe and our mirrorverse is only affected by the corresponding universes and mirrorverses in the adjacent megaverse in terms of completing the feedback loop of alternating expansion and contraction-- symmetry on the omniverse level!) and the speed of light limit would appear to be violated in the two which appeared to be going backward in time (thus solving the arrow of time problem)-- of course, to them, it would seem like we were doing it!-- thus creating a causal holographic boundary on the luxon wall (light and gravity are two things we would all have in common.) The verses in the contracting phase would actually see their central white holes converted into black holes because of the massive increase in density, which would fuel the collapse, but would reach the logical limit at 10 planck lengths (as ring "singularities"), at which time they would re bang and become white holes again. Rotational symmetry is preserved at every big bang, because our universe and its mirrorverse would have opposite spins, while the antiverse and mirrorverse also spin in opposite directions to each other, this maintaining rotational symmetry at their end of the cycle also. But because everything is oriented the opposite between the universe and its mirrorverse and the antiverse and its mirrorverse, from within the particular verse it would seem exactly the same as its mirror counterpart! Reducing the number of dimensions holographically of this structure on the quantum level doesnt pose a problem for us, as going from 4D to 2D allows for 4 universes that each consist of 2D (4*2D=8D) or 4 mobian strips on the hyperspatial-imaginary time 2D holographic boundary (think four symmetrical shadowverses!)-- which would seem like a single particle (superimposed) for those on the "outside" (in 2D hyperspace-imaginary time, the dimensions of wormholes), with time and complementary time both reduced to spatial dimensions (which explains nonlocality and action at a distance)-- thus the combo of our conscious and subconscious energy would be a part of the cosmic quantum computer itself, as it spans the whole network-- just like the whole collective does, animate and inanimate! Direct proof of this might be obtained when mirror matter is observed as well as the existence of the symmetric shadows in the CMBR data. Mirror matter might make up part of the dark matter of our universe (as it can enter our universe through worm holes and help create similar structures in each universe) and our matter would be mirror matter in the mirrorverse. The only mirror matter that is the same as ordinary matter is the graviton-- thus its candidacy as dark matter. Since the amount of mirror matter in the quadverse should equal the amount of normal matter, I propose that the mirrorverse contains exactly the same amount of mirror matter that ours contains matter and, likewise, the antimirrorverse contains the same amount of antimirror matter as the antiverse contains antimatter. Not only that, but the amount of dark matter and dark energy should be the same in our universe and its mirror partner, and the antiverse and its mirror partner-- hence why the contraction and expansion cycles are so well timed out. And the connections dont stop there! Likewise, we can view the quadverse to be linked to our parent quadverse through two black hole linkages (think DNA double helix, which is a nanoscopic version of this, sort of like our brain is a nanoscopic version of the CMBR, the universe's "memories"-- heck, DNA might be this connection on another level!), with the black hole our universe resides inside connected to another black hole in the mirrorverse of our parent quadverse-- view this as one strand of DNA. The other strand consists of a black hole in the antiverse version of our parent universe connected to a black hole in the antimirrorverse of our parent quadverse. When viewed this way, we realize that the reason that matter coming through the central white hole is dark matter is because the part of the parent quadverse we are connected to is a mirrorverse to our own universe and the part of the parent quadverse our mirrorverse is connected to consists of "normal" matter! This is symmetry on a whole new level and is the reason why both verses get dark matter-- our mirrorverse's dark matter would be "normal" matter for us and vice verse. The same holds true for the antiverse and the antimirrorverse, which get the mirror version of their matter (our antimatter) because of the way the black holes are connected in our parent quadverse! These two opposing linkages are the reason why they big bang in cycles alternating with our own and why time seems to flow backwards in the antiversions of our quadverse. The reason why all this happens is because black holes bend space-time so much they actually fracture the boundaries of the quadverse as they unite all 8 dimensions of it with the 2 original dimensions of hyperspace and imaginary time. And yet, symmetry, a fundamental property of the omniverse, still remains. So black holes mark not only a unification of forces, but of dimensions as well, as they create worm holes that tunnel through the whole structure and into our own universe! Any baby quadverses inside our own quadverse would be connected in a similar way to our own. The parallel timeverses discussed earlier would also all exist in quads.
Our memories from the previous existence become part of the subconscious in the 4 complementary dimensions to that antiverse or mirrorverse. A baby's birth is like a big bang with latent memories. The accumulation of these latent memories is what being an "old soul" is all about. What we call ghosts or apparitions may just be the holographic memories or residual effects left over from before or during the cross over or they could be actual conscious energy that got trapped in the luxon wall during the memory transferrance from conscious energy to subconscious energy. The growing body of evidence that I include below indicates this, as well as the fractal nature of the brain, which actually mimics the CMBR data, lending more evidence to the idea that we are but a reflection of the universe itself on a much smaller scale. Im thinking that's why we see structures repeating on various different scales-- well, basically, reality itself is composed of the same fundamental structures and the way these structures interact with each other results in emergent fractal properties and its the result of these reactions that we see all around us. Entanglement causes the history of the universe to be recorded onto the CMBR and a reflection of our own personal histories to be recorded within the memories of our mind (both conscious and subconscious) using the same basic structural properties and principles. In Origin 4, when Im talking about informational wormhole tunneling from our mind to the outside environment and vice versa, Im referring to entanglement.... the wormholes are the "pipes" the information is the "water" that passes through them and the entanglement is the driving force (call it "water pressure") which makes the whole process possible. There is probably some internal tunneling as well, between the 4 dimensions of the conscious mind and the higher 4 dimensions of the subconscious. This is what causes intuition, instincts and when tunneling into the universe itself, creativity (because the universe is based on creativity) and curiosity (which lies at the foundation), including the search for the origins of it all, a fundamental reason why the universe created us, to figure itself out! When tunneling into the collective, we get ESP, the conscious version of quantum nonlocality action at a distance. The subconscious mind is what connects us to the collective consciousness or the cosmic web (both of consciousness and of the backbone structure of the omniverse via ZPE and its reflections in the CMBR.) The cosmic web is the backbone of the omniverse and its structure is fractally reflected in everything around us-- from CMBR to EEG brain wave patterns and everything in between. The cosmic web was created by the commutative properties of wormholes in being able to redistribute matter and energy on all levels, from the quantum foam of space-time and the micro worm holes of our own conscious and subconscious energy (as a matter of fact, what if subconscious energy consists of mirror energy?!) to the supermassive black holes that generate new universes!
Some sources:
John Gardiner, Robyn Overall, Jan Marc, 2010. The fractal nature of the brain: EEG data suggests that the brain functions as a "quantum computer" in 5-8 dimensions. NeuroQuantology 8(2):137-141. ABSTRACT. The brain has been traditionally viewed as a deterministic machine where certain inputs give rise to certain outputs. However, there is a growing body of work that suggests this is not the case. The high importance of initial inputs suggests that the brain may be working in the realms of chaos, with small changes in initial inputs leading to the production of strange attractors. This may also be reflected in the physical structure of the brain which may also be fractal. EEG data is a good place to look for the underlying patterns of chaos in the brain, since it samples many millions of neurons simultaneously. Several studies have arrived at a fractal dimension of between 5 and 8 for human EEG data. This suggests that the brain operates in a higher dimension than the 4 of traditional space-time. These extra dimensions suggest that quantum gravity may play a role in generating consciousness.
http://www.physorg.com/news174921612.html
(PhysOrg.com) -- Over the past few decades, the idea that our universe could be one of many alternate universes within a giant multiverse has grown from a sci-fi fantasy into a legitimate theoretical possibility. Several theories of physics and astronomy have hypothesized the existence of a multiverse made of many parallel universes. One obvious question that arises, then, is exactly how many of these parallel universes might there be.
In a new study, Stanford physicists Andrei Linde and Vitaly Vanchurin have calculated the number of all possible universes, coming up with an answer of 10^10^16. If that number sounds large, the scientists explain that it would have been even more humongous, except that we observers are limited in our ability to distinguish more universes; otherwise, there could be as many as 10^10^10^7 universes.
To work these numbers out, Linde and Vanchurin looked back to the time shortly after the Big Bang, which they view as a quantum process that generated lots of quantum fluctuations. Then during the period of inflation, the universe grew rapidly and these quantum fluctuations were "frozen" into classical perturbations in distinct regions. Today, each of these regions could be a different universe, having its own distinct laws of low energy physics.
By analyzing the mechanism (called "slow roll inflation") that initially generated the quantum fluctuations, the scientists could estimate the number of resulting universes at 10^10^10^7 (a number which is dependent on the model they used). However, this number is limited by other factors, specifically by the limits of the human brain. Since the total amount of information that one individual can absorb in a lifetime is about 10^16 bits, which is equivalent to 10^10^16 configurations, this means that a human brain couldn't distinguish more than 10^10^16 universes.
Requiring that the human brain must be able to count the number of parallel universes may seem inappropriate, if not arrogant, but Linde and Vanchurin explain that dealing with the quantum world is different than our everyday lives in which quantum effects can be safely ignored. A crucial part of their calculation here is an investigation of quantum effects on supergalactic scales. In this kind of scenario, the state of the multiverse and observations made by an observer are correlated (similar to the Schrodinger cat experiment, where the outcome can be determined only after it is registered by a classical observer).
"When we analyze the probability of the existence of a universe of a given type, we should be talking about a consistent pair: the universe and an observer who makes the rest of the universe 'alive' and the wave function of the rest of the universe time-dependent," the scientists write.
As the scientists explain, the calculation of the number of universes is an important step toward an even larger goal: to find the probability of living in a universe with a particular set of properties. What are the chances that we live in a world in which the laws of physics are these laws that we currently observe? Answering this question requires finding probabilities that depend on knowing about other universes, among many other challenges.
As you may remember from Origin 6, I drew a direct comparison between gravity and dark energy and stated that they might be two sides of the same coin, just functioning on different scales, but both products of a single omniversal entropic force (perhaps the single unifying force from which all the forces originated, with gravity/dark energy merely being its shadow effect projected into our universe) that keeps the balance within the omniverse intact in terms of matter/energy distribution.
I also indicated that our universe has a geometric shape similar to a mobius strip-- this originates from the idea that it was hatched inside a rotating black hole and the rotation of the black hole torques space-time, creating a ring "singularity" and thus the shape of our universe visible as a 2D shadow upon its holographic boundary. Our mobius strip (with the help of gravity/dark energy) can be expanded into a horn torus in 3 dimensions or a hypersphere (specifically a 4 dimensional glome) in 4 dimensions and on the larger scales that is what our universe should look like, with light being able to take at least two paths from the same source to reach us. The center of this geometric shape actually corresponds to a white hole in which dark matter and dark energy, upon entering the black hole inside our parent universe, exit into our universe, thus causing space-time to expand and resulting in the expanding universe we perceive. Once a sufficient entropic balance is achieved between the parent universe and our own, the entropic force will reverse itself and gravity will cause the universe to collapse back in on itself and restart the cycle. It will restart because gravity becomes a repulsive force at smaller than 10 planck lengths, which would be when the universe's external boundary approaches the central white hole, which "bounces" it back. Even though at this time there doesnt seem to be enough matter in the universe to generate enough gravitation for this to occur, it will happen when enough matter has passed through the parent white hole (the amount of dark energy passing through will lessen as the entropy of the parent universe increases, thus the balance of dark matter and dark energy will favor the former over the latter.) This will be in the form of dark matter, whose concentrations will rise as the eons pass by. The only reason this hasnt happened already is because of the existence of dark flow-- which is a gravitational leak from an adjacent megaverse (a collection of parallel universes with different laws of physics superimposed upon each other, much like ours is)-- which pulls the edges of our megaverse further apart (and perhaps leaks matter from our megaverse into theirs-- much like whats going on with ours.) Because this adjacent megaverse is leaking gravity into ours it MUST be in a state of contraction (a phase which ultimately results in gravitational collapse) and once the superimposed states of the different parallel universes in this megaverse have collapsed into each other, with the causal boundaries between each of them dissolving due to the intense gravity it will re big bang (a process we will go through billions of years later.) When this happens, the dark flow effect will disappear because the new megaverse that emerges will be expanding and separating into a new set of superimposed parallel universes and this explosive expansion will cause a cosmic shockwave which will cause our megaverse to begin the contraction process. The addition of dark matter streaming through from our parent universe will accelerate that process with time and the higher concentration of gravity will eventually lead to the same thing that happened to our neighbor megaverse. Thus we will balance each other out and create a feedback loop that cycles both of our megaverses from big bang to big bang. Even when our parent universe expands so much that the wormhole connection between it and ours breaks down (black hole "evaporation") and then it contracts to cyclically bang again, there will be other newly formed connections from other universes to take its place (preserving our toroidal shape) and thus the process shall continue.
The omniverse itself should have the structure of a spindle torus, but expanded outward to 11 dimensions to include the gravity brane (the "dip at the center" which leaks out into all the resident universes-- 10D curving into the 11th dimension) as well as hyperspace and imaginary time and the 4+4 dimensions and their complements. Let the two component circles of the torus represent hyperspace and imaginary time. The intersection point of the torus represents the part all of its resident universes hold in common-- gravity and ZPE-- and the cosmic distribution points of black holes, white holes and their wormhole bridges. The spindle torus structure is mimicked in the internal tree like structure of the omniverse in terms of its megaverses, their satellite quadverses and their component universes.
I also mentioned the existence of something I call "ALL TIME." This is how I envision parallel timeverses all being part of the same universe, just bounded by a luxon wall that separates all the parallel timeverses by light barriers (with wormholes offering conduits into every past and every future and explaining the nonlocality of quantum effects.) As a matter of fact, if our brains could perceive higher dimensions we would see that time-- the so-called 4th dimension-- merely represents our brain's incomplete attempt to perceive a fourth spatial dimension. Because our five senses arent capable of this, we perceive something we call "time" instead. Instead of categorizing spatial and temporal dimensions separately we should consider them together and the existence of time indicates to us the presence of a fourth spatial dimension that we cannot directly sense except in the way it causes changes in the other three dimensions. If we could directly sense this fourth dimension, we would notice that, just like with the spatial dimensions, there is no real change-- but that all the past, present and futures all exist at every moment (because we cant directly sense the fourth dimension we only perceive single snapshots of "time.") This is what people who experience things like deja vu, "past lives" and even "future lives" or precognition might really be detecting-- the true nature of time as the fourth spatial dimension. Hyperspace and Imaginary Time, the two parent dimensions, are probably just two sides of the same coin and their apparent separation into other dimensions that caused universes to bubble up from the bulk was the result of random fluctuations in the ZPE caused up gravity/dark energy that created all the other dimensions much the same way pair production occurs and creates matter out of energy. The same process applies to universe/antiverse creation (see below concerning this in 4+4 complementary dimensions.) Evidence of parallel universes and an adjacent megaverse should be apparent in high resolution CMBR data like what the Planck Satellite can provide, as CMBR should present us with a tapestry of the universe both before and after it branched off into parallel timeverses. These timeverses should be indicated by repetitive shadows and highlights in the CMBR data that, like a fun house mirror, are distorted reflections that are of a slightly different energy level from each other. Evidence of an adjacent megaverse should be apparent as its gravitational leak will cause the whole background tapestry to redshift more than expected.
Recent research suggests that consciousness exists in 8 dimensions (while the body only exists in the 3+1) and if this is true, it means that consciousness-- or at least some form of conscious energy-- actually survives death because it is timeless. The physical corporeal part of us is a mere bookmark in this larger reality in which we are connected by this conscious energy into a collective consciousness that spans the universe and beyond (including animate and nonanimate matter and energy-- further explained in Origin 4.) Thus we can be exposed to and influenced by outside conscious energy that can create a full spectrum of emotions as well as physical effects upon us. I propose that these 8 dimensions are the result of pair production that resulted when our dimensions were first created from hyperspace and imaginary time and the other 4 dimensions are complementary to the 4 dimensions we already know. I also conjecture that the body can only exist in 4 dimensions at one time but when it expires it fluctuates back and forth in different forms between the 4 dimensions it originally resided in and crossing a luxon barrier ("going into the light") into the 4 complementary dimensions that were produced during pair production. (This is further explained in Origin 1 and 2.) The consciousness, which is timeless, remains in all 8 at the same time and retains some vestigial memories of the previous fluctuations and even the ones to follow. Our minds normally bury most of this so we dont clutter our memories. Actually, the fact that consciousness exists in 8 dimensions instead of just 4 indicates yet another higher order dualistic symmetry-- the conscious mind typically operates in the conventional 4 dimensions, while the subconscious also has access to the additional 4 complementary dimensions. Since the toroidal nature of our universe allows for the existence of an antiverse on the "inside", upon death, not only do our bodies flip over to this antiverse (or the mirrorverse, which might be more likely, since it experiences time like we do, while another set of flipping might occur between the antiverse and the antimirrorverse), but our conscious and subconscious also flip and trade places when they cross over! On the level of the torus, having the antiverse on the inside conserves many conservation laws, including those of charge, parity and spin. Being made of mirror matter in the same quantities as ours is made of matter conserves charge and parity and spin are conserved in the sense that being the mirrorverse to our own, if ours spins counterclockwise, it spins clockwise and vice versa. In the case of parity, flipping the spatial coordinates is conserved because of the existence of the mirrorverse. The existence of mirror matter and the mirrorverse resolves the parity violations observed with the weak interaction, as the violations occur exactly opposite to this in the mirrorverse. Each universe should have its own mirrorverse and vice versa on its "flip side" created as an analog to pair production. As a matter of fact, going back to the 2D scale structure of the universe on the scale of quantum interactions, we have a way of resolving the four color problem (that no more than four colors are required to color the regions on a map so that no two adjacent regions have the same color) on the omniversal scale by splitting each protoverse into 4 universes-- matter, antimatter, mirror matter and antimirror matter, all separated by the luxon wall and interconnected by wormholes! These would all be quantumly entangled (via the worm holes) much like 4 qubit quantum entanglement in a quantum computer (which is another way of looking at our universe and, indeed, the megaverse and omniverse also!) Another indication of this structure is how a toroidal surface can be separated into 4 circles (two in the regular fashion and two when turned inside out.) As a matter of fact, while the omniverse is a spindle torus, our quadverse would be a horn torus, with the intersection point representing the point of origin of the cyclic big bang (the ultimate white hole!), which is reached in alternating fashion by the universe and its mirror complement, and then by the antiverse and its mirror complement. If our universe were to be considered "on top" of the torus, the mirrorverse would be "on the bottom" while the two antiverses would be on the "inside"-- with our antiverse on the "top inside" and the mirror antiverse on the "bottom inside." But since our universe is expanding, we have to be considered on the inside (the ones on the outside contain central black holes not white holes).... so if ours was on the top inside, the mirrorverse would be on the bottom inside, with the antiverse on the top and the antimirrorverse on the bottom of the torus. Two of these would always be contracting while the other two were expanding and time would run opposite in them (anti vs "normal" matter, with the "anti" containing complementary time, thus going through cycles opposite to ours and the mirrorverse... as a matter of fact, because the antiverse and the antimirrorverse contain dimensions complementary to those of our own universe and our mirrorverse, they arent affected by the adjacent megaverse in the same way in terms of expansion and contraction-- that is to say, they are only affected by the corresponding antiverses and the antimirrorverses in the quadverses of the adjacent megaverse, while our universe and our mirrorverse is only affected by the corresponding universes and mirrorverses in the adjacent megaverse in terms of completing the feedback loop of alternating expansion and contraction-- symmetry on the omniverse level!) and the speed of light limit would appear to be violated in the two which appeared to be going backward in time (thus solving the arrow of time problem)-- of course, to them, it would seem like we were doing it!-- thus creating a causal holographic boundary on the luxon wall (light and gravity are two things we would all have in common.) The verses in the contracting phase would actually see their central white holes converted into black holes because of the massive increase in density, which would fuel the collapse, but would reach the logical limit at 10 planck lengths (as ring "singularities"), at which time they would re bang and become white holes again. Rotational symmetry is preserved at every big bang, because our universe and its mirrorverse would have opposite spins, while the antiverse and mirrorverse also spin in opposite directions to each other, this maintaining rotational symmetry at their end of the cycle also. But because everything is oriented the opposite between the universe and its mirrorverse and the antiverse and its mirrorverse, from within the particular verse it would seem exactly the same as its mirror counterpart! Reducing the number of dimensions holographically of this structure on the quantum level doesnt pose a problem for us, as going from 4D to 2D allows for 4 universes that each consist of 2D (4*2D=8D) or 4 mobian strips on the hyperspatial-imaginary time 2D holographic boundary (think four symmetrical shadowverses!)-- which would seem like a single particle (superimposed) for those on the "outside" (in 2D hyperspace-imaginary time, the dimensions of wormholes), with time and complementary time both reduced to spatial dimensions (which explains nonlocality and action at a distance)-- thus the combo of our conscious and subconscious energy would be a part of the cosmic quantum computer itself, as it spans the whole network-- just like the whole collective does, animate and inanimate! Direct proof of this might be obtained when mirror matter is observed as well as the existence of the symmetric shadows in the CMBR data. Mirror matter might make up part of the dark matter of our universe (as it can enter our universe through worm holes and help create similar structures in each universe) and our matter would be mirror matter in the mirrorverse. The only mirror matter that is the same as ordinary matter is the graviton-- thus its candidacy as dark matter. Since the amount of mirror matter in the quadverse should equal the amount of normal matter, I propose that the mirrorverse contains exactly the same amount of mirror matter that ours contains matter and, likewise, the antimirrorverse contains the same amount of antimirror matter as the antiverse contains antimatter. Not only that, but the amount of dark matter and dark energy should be the same in our universe and its mirror partner, and the antiverse and its mirror partner-- hence why the contraction and expansion cycles are so well timed out. And the connections dont stop there! Likewise, we can view the quadverse to be linked to our parent quadverse through two black hole linkages (think DNA double helix, which is a nanoscopic version of this, sort of like our brain is a nanoscopic version of the CMBR, the universe's "memories"-- heck, DNA might be this connection on another level!), with the black hole our universe resides inside connected to another black hole in the mirrorverse of our parent quadverse-- view this as one strand of DNA. The other strand consists of a black hole in the antiverse version of our parent universe connected to a black hole in the antimirrorverse of our parent quadverse. When viewed this way, we realize that the reason that matter coming through the central white hole is dark matter is because the part of the parent quadverse we are connected to is a mirrorverse to our own universe and the part of the parent quadverse our mirrorverse is connected to consists of "normal" matter! This is symmetry on a whole new level and is the reason why both verses get dark matter-- our mirrorverse's dark matter would be "normal" matter for us and vice verse. The same holds true for the antiverse and the antimirrorverse, which get the mirror version of their matter (our antimatter) because of the way the black holes are connected in our parent quadverse! These two opposing linkages are the reason why they big bang in cycles alternating with our own and why time seems to flow backwards in the antiversions of our quadverse. The reason why all this happens is because black holes bend space-time so much they actually fracture the boundaries of the quadverse as they unite all 8 dimensions of it with the 2 original dimensions of hyperspace and imaginary time. And yet, symmetry, a fundamental property of the omniverse, still remains. So black holes mark not only a unification of forces, but of dimensions as well, as they create worm holes that tunnel through the whole structure and into our own universe! Any baby quadverses inside our own quadverse would be connected in a similar way to our own. The parallel timeverses discussed earlier would also all exist in quads.
Our memories from the previous existence become part of the subconscious in the 4 complementary dimensions to that antiverse or mirrorverse. A baby's birth is like a big bang with latent memories. The accumulation of these latent memories is what being an "old soul" is all about. What we call ghosts or apparitions may just be the holographic memories or residual effects left over from before or during the cross over or they could be actual conscious energy that got trapped in the luxon wall during the memory transferrance from conscious energy to subconscious energy. The growing body of evidence that I include below indicates this, as well as the fractal nature of the brain, which actually mimics the CMBR data, lending more evidence to the idea that we are but a reflection of the universe itself on a much smaller scale. Im thinking that's why we see structures repeating on various different scales-- well, basically, reality itself is composed of the same fundamental structures and the way these structures interact with each other results in emergent fractal properties and its the result of these reactions that we see all around us. Entanglement causes the history of the universe to be recorded onto the CMBR and a reflection of our own personal histories to be recorded within the memories of our mind (both conscious and subconscious) using the same basic structural properties and principles. In Origin 4, when Im talking about informational wormhole tunneling from our mind to the outside environment and vice versa, Im referring to entanglement.... the wormholes are the "pipes" the information is the "water" that passes through them and the entanglement is the driving force (call it "water pressure") which makes the whole process possible. There is probably some internal tunneling as well, between the 4 dimensions of the conscious mind and the higher 4 dimensions of the subconscious. This is what causes intuition, instincts and when tunneling into the universe itself, creativity (because the universe is based on creativity) and curiosity (which lies at the foundation), including the search for the origins of it all, a fundamental reason why the universe created us, to figure itself out! When tunneling into the collective, we get ESP, the conscious version of quantum nonlocality action at a distance. The subconscious mind is what connects us to the collective consciousness or the cosmic web (both of consciousness and of the backbone structure of the omniverse via ZPE and its reflections in the CMBR.) The cosmic web is the backbone of the omniverse and its structure is fractally reflected in everything around us-- from CMBR to EEG brain wave patterns and everything in between. The cosmic web was created by the commutative properties of wormholes in being able to redistribute matter and energy on all levels, from the quantum foam of space-time and the micro worm holes of our own conscious and subconscious energy (as a matter of fact, what if subconscious energy consists of mirror energy?!) to the supermassive black holes that generate new universes!
Some sources:
John Gardiner, Robyn Overall, Jan Marc, 2010. The fractal nature of the brain: EEG data suggests that the brain functions as a "quantum computer" in 5-8 dimensions. NeuroQuantology 8(2):137-141. ABSTRACT. The brain has been traditionally viewed as a deterministic machine where certain inputs give rise to certain outputs. However, there is a growing body of work that suggests this is not the case. The high importance of initial inputs suggests that the brain may be working in the realms of chaos, with small changes in initial inputs leading to the production of strange attractors. This may also be reflected in the physical structure of the brain which may also be fractal. EEG data is a good place to look for the underlying patterns of chaos in the brain, since it samples many millions of neurons simultaneously. Several studies have arrived at a fractal dimension of between 5 and 8 for human EEG data. This suggests that the brain operates in a higher dimension than the 4 of traditional space-time. These extra dimensions suggest that quantum gravity may play a role in generating consciousness.
http://www.physorg.com/news174921612.html
(PhysOrg.com) -- Over the past few decades, the idea that our universe could be one of many alternate universes within a giant multiverse has grown from a sci-fi fantasy into a legitimate theoretical possibility. Several theories of physics and astronomy have hypothesized the existence of a multiverse made of many parallel universes. One obvious question that arises, then, is exactly how many of these parallel universes might there be.
In a new study, Stanford physicists Andrei Linde and Vitaly Vanchurin have calculated the number of all possible universes, coming up with an answer of 10^10^16. If that number sounds large, the scientists explain that it would have been even more humongous, except that we observers are limited in our ability to distinguish more universes; otherwise, there could be as many as 10^10^10^7 universes.
To work these numbers out, Linde and Vanchurin looked back to the time shortly after the Big Bang, which they view as a quantum process that generated lots of quantum fluctuations. Then during the period of inflation, the universe grew rapidly and these quantum fluctuations were "frozen" into classical perturbations in distinct regions. Today, each of these regions could be a different universe, having its own distinct laws of low energy physics.
By analyzing the mechanism (called "slow roll inflation") that initially generated the quantum fluctuations, the scientists could estimate the number of resulting universes at 10^10^10^7 (a number which is dependent on the model they used). However, this number is limited by other factors, specifically by the limits of the human brain. Since the total amount of information that one individual can absorb in a lifetime is about 10^16 bits, which is equivalent to 10^10^16 configurations, this means that a human brain couldn't distinguish more than 10^10^16 universes.
Requiring that the human brain must be able to count the number of parallel universes may seem inappropriate, if not arrogant, but Linde and Vanchurin explain that dealing with the quantum world is different than our everyday lives in which quantum effects can be safely ignored. A crucial part of their calculation here is an investigation of quantum effects on supergalactic scales. In this kind of scenario, the state of the multiverse and observations made by an observer are correlated (similar to the Schrodinger cat experiment, where the outcome can be determined only after it is registered by a classical observer).
"When we analyze the probability of the existence of a universe of a given type, we should be talking about a consistent pair: the universe and an observer who makes the rest of the universe 'alive' and the wave function of the rest of the universe time-dependent," the scientists write.
As the scientists explain, the calculation of the number of universes is an important step toward an even larger goal: to find the probability of living in a universe with a particular set of properties. What are the chances that we live in a world in which the laws of physics are these laws that we currently observe? Answering this question requires finding probabilities that depend on knowing about other universes, among many other challenges.
Saturday, September 4, 2010
Origin 6: Unification!
Im starting work on Origin Part 6: Unification, where I bring forth the idea that unification of forces naturally occurs in nature. There is some evidence of this (“electroweak stars” — unification of the electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force inside neutron stars) but Im bringing forth the idea that ALL the forces are unified inside black holes, and this unification is what creates the black hole in the first place– not gravitational collapse. Going forth with the idea that “Things are more than they seem” theme, Im going to use that to create a model whereby black holes are presented as the fabric of space-time being “inside out” or reversed, much like quantum loop cosmology predicts is what happened during the big bang. You can see where this is leading to– that black holes contain bubble universes (like ours) that exist in a sea of exotic matter where all the forces are unified.
There is a hierarchical fractal order to the universe on many different levels and and I believe that what we call “natural law” is simply an intrinsic property of the universe– like a basic property of a subatomic particle (charge, spin, etc.) The universe was just a particle at some point and I believe the properties from its infancy have been retained and express themselves in varied ways in the reality we see around us.
Similarly, particle universes with different properties would result in universes with different “natural laws.”
Actually, you can consider life itself a fundamental property of the universe. Did you know that quantum linkages have been found to exist inside biological systems, including DNA? It makes me think that life is– literally– universal.
This is another example of hierarchical fractal layers: Think of a sea of exotic matter with small bubbles with spontaneously decreasing entropy that BANG…. these would be bubble universes, like the one from which our universe was born. So life would also be like this– spontaneous areas of order that pop up and slowly wind down (like what our universe itself is doing.) This natural law / property of the bubble universe exists from the quantum level all the way up to the largest structures — including life itself. It’s as if we have been branded by the particular universe we exist in by the very nature of its formation.
What about the idea of a universe created within another universe by an advanced alien civilization? This idea has been proposed by some physicists and cosmologists and of course then we have the problem of where those aliens came from. In an infinite but self-limited fractal omniverse hierarchy which exists both inside and outside of space-time, of course, you can create a loop whereby cause and effect become one and the same and the creation becomes the creator– thereby solving that problem.
Regarding supersymmetry: Are sparticles really separate higher dimensional versions of “conventional” particles or could it be that “conventional” particles are actually the part of sparticles that we can actually see, because we cant detect the whole particle with our limited perspective…. sort of like the particles’ “soul?” I envision conventional particles as the part we can see through our “peephole” (like when Saturn's rings are seen edge on through a telescope) while the sparticle itself represents the full extent of the same particle. In this case, a conventional particle would merely be a shadow of a sparticle. Perhaps we will be able to see them with the LHC– which could open up a whole new avenue into research of that which we cant detect with the conventional senses or at lower energies…. getting us closer to a more fundamental and wideranging view of reality…. both from the reductionist and the wholistic point of view!
There is no initial cosmological singularity. The singularity you speak of originates from the failing of relativity to explain the initial boundary conditions of our universe. Once we find a way to unify quantum mechanics and relativity the singularity problem will disappear -- not only from the beginning of the universe, but also from what we call "black holes." As a matter of fact, physics right now is leaning towards the idea that black holes are the birth places of other universes just like ours did inside a relatively larger universe.
And something did exist before the space-time dimensions which we perceive, because our universe originated as a quantum particle inside a cosmic soup of particles, the existence and destruction of which depends on the extant physical laws and constants present inside each universe. Consider it the quantum version of the laws of evolution and natural selection. Hawkings' terms for the original time dimension that existed before the big bang is called "Imaginary Time." Consider imaginary time to be a dimension of time that runs perpendicular to the one of which we are aware. Sort of like the Y-axis of time compared to the X-axis of our time. When this is taken into account, the singularity at the big bang disappears. (It also allows us to graphically represent parallel timeverses, but that's beyond the scope of this post-- see Origin 1 and 2 for more details.) A competing model, called quantum loop cosmology also resolves the singularity by stating that at extremely small volumes, the density formula (D=M/V) fails and therefore there is no singularity. As a matter of fact, at diameters below 10 planck lengths, density actually goes down, even if you pack more mass into a given volume -- thus the idea of baby universes inside black holes. When thinking about this, I thought it reasonable to assume that one of the reasons that black holes present themselves as singularities is because all the forces are unified just inside their boundaries. This makes sense when you think about it, because we already have electroweak stars which unify the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces and presenting black holes as the final result of compact force unification rather than simple gravitational collapse is also a graphic way to explain what happens when the matter inside is crushed to a pulp and converted into exotic matter that no longer follows the laws of our universe. Also, force unification inside black holes would satisfy the initial boundary conditions that led to the formation of our own universe and should thus also be a prerequisite to the creation of other universes and the breakdown of relativity on that scale-- because it doesnt allow for unification (something which Einstein spent the rest of his life in a futile pursuit of attempting to achieve -- along with a similarly futile pursuit of trying to disprove quantum mechanics. Verification of this should be possible at the LHC when it is up and running at full capacity-- as a matter of fact, physicists have toyed with the idea of creating designer baby universes (most notably Andrei Linde) that would expand into their own dimensions and curve into themselves. This is where the idea of a universe being designed by an intelligent being with physical laws and constants of his/her/its/their choosing (as their signature) originated from. What most people dont know is that Einstein was actually working on a theory of multiple dimensions very similar to string theory just prior to his death.) According to QLC, instead of a singularity, the universe doesnt bang at all, instead it goes "inside out" at each point of apparent origin and thus is both infinite and self-limited. Like a Mobius strip. Dimensions are in loops. Travel far enough in one direction and you end up back at your starting point. The funny thing is that relativity already allows for this close to the outer boundaries of black holes in the form of closed timelike curves (CTCs), which is time looping back in on itself. As the universe expands, the size of the loops would expand also. As a matter of fact, the whole universe would be one large loop that goes back to the beginning each time. The loops would have bridges or tunnels between them (seen from the "surface" of the strip as black holes or worm holes) inside which the forces are unified and where baby universes are formed which exchange matter and energy with the parent universe. With time, as the universe expands, the bridges would distend and eventually the baby universe would be cut off from its parent, much like a biological baby gets cut off from the mother's placenta, even as new connections were formed, both between the parent and new baby universes, and also between the babies and the baby universes would give birth to their own. Since the fractal hierarchy is preserved, this looplike structure would also exist on the omniverse level, where the universes of each megaverse would be connected like spokes on a wheel, with new connections being developed even as old ones are broken, and the free flow of matter and energy keeping everything in balance. The question of the beginning of the omniverse would have no real answer as the cosmic loop with connecting bridges ensures that all moments in time exist simultaneously so there is no beginning or end-- just like with our own universe! Causality doesnt exist on this fundamental level-- just like it doesnt exist at the quantum level-- and neither does the speed of light limit, which is more of a natural boundary condition meant to separate the universes (but which can be gated with wormholes to keep the whole system in balance-- gravity being the agent of entropy which keeps everything flowing and keeps the omniverse in dynamic equilibrium.)
As far as space and time giving way to something more basic at the big bang and prior, this is also used as a way to explain quantum mechanics nonlocality properties like superposition (two particles being in exactly the same place at the same time), teleportation, tunneling, entanglement etc. Since the universe was once a quantum particle, it once behaved according to the same rules (and might still, depending on perspective.) On the quantum scale, space and time dont exist as we see them on the macroscopic scale, they give way to more fundamental nonlocal properties which make the quantum effects ("spooky action at a distance") possible.
I like many of Penrose's ideas as well (specifically quantum theories of consciousness-- but even that has given way to a more likely David Bohm interpretation.) See Origin 4: Consciousness for more details.
BTW, in the above post, I havent even mentioned the most fascinating aspect of cosmology-- the fact that the holographic principle seems to hold true -- that our universe can actually be described in D-1 dimensions (D= the 3 spatial dimensions in our case) and the fact that the holographic principle can be used to test the multiple universe theory, which should exist as (for lack of a better term) shadows in the background of the cosmic background radiation (CMB) which contains the holographic information of our universe-- just like our universe's black holes (other universes) contain all their information at the holographic boundary (another sign of fractalization.) Such testing is already underway.
Being holographic information on the surface of a black hole / quantum particle means the third spatial dimension is merely an illusory effect created by gravity as it curves space-time into a loop (a megaverse sized CTC) by acting on the original dimensions of hyperspace and imaginary time. And the reason why photons of light dont experience the passage of time as they travel at light speed is because they exist on the luxon wall-- the event horizon of the black hole, the outer boundary of space-time itself, where it meets hyperspace and imaginary time!
Gravity is the entropic force that keeps the omniverse in balance by redistributing matter and energy via different sized black hole / worm hole tunnels-- dark energy or quintessence being the result-- as one megaverse expands another contracts and the balance is preserved.
The megaverse includes all the parallel timeverses of a given universe, each with the same physical laws and constants. All the megaverses of different laws and constants make up the omniverse. But the component universes/timeverses of each megaverse all have the same physical laws and constants and therefore expand and contract together. The differences between them (the parallel timelines) are due to lack of causality at the fundamental level (because all time and all outcomes exist simultaneously and there is no speed of light limit at the quantum level to compartmentalize reality)-- the causality we see on the macroscopic scale (as well as space-time and the uncertainty principle) is merely an averaging or smoothing out of more elementary factors that exist at the subplanck level and inside black holes (as well as the perception of a single universe, which was a limitation of Relativity, which the quantum universe has eradicated)-- which is the scale of the omniverse [at which all universes, megaverses, etc can be seen as quantum particles bubbling in a sea of ZPE (the redistribution of which causes some megaverses to expand while others contract, thus preserving the cosmic balance and resulting in cyclic big bangs, at which point all the parallel timeverses of a specific megaverse become one, as the event horizon separating them from each other and the bulk temporarily collapses, thus causing the cyclic "Big Bang" rebound), where the forces are all united and the original dimensions of hyperspace, imaginary time and gravity hold sway-- thus, the real reason why black holes curve space-time, cause CTCs and have such intense gravitation-- as they are tapping into its source.] The reason why the uncertainty principle loses its effect at the quantum level is that the omniverse at that scale is purely mathematical, thus removing the need to be "measured"-- it behaves according to simple mathematical constructs and formulae, which give rise to all the structures we see around us (atoms, solar systems, star clusters, galaxies, etc) in a fractal hierarchy. The reason the fractal hierarchy exists is that the four dimensional universe we perceive is actually only two dimensional (hyperspace plus imaginary time) on the smallest of scales (thus the mathematics of quantum gravity describe it perfectly, without need for the kind of measurement a complex 4D space-time requires), which in dualistic terms, places us inside a black hole inside a larger universe with the CMB and light on the holographic boundary and gravity creating the perception of the other dimensions as it curves space-time into a closed loop. To sum up, our four dimensions (three spatial plus one temporal) reduce to three (two dimensional plus one temporal) at the planck scale, as gravity is shown to create the third spatial dimension on our scale, and in the subplanckian realm, the number of dimensions is further reduced to 2 (hyperspace and imaginary time) as our familiar space-time is replaced by "no space" and "all time" and causality, the speed of light limit and the uncertainty and exclusionary principles disappear as their boundaries are crossed (similar to crossing a microwormhole embedded in quantum foam) and the quantum properties of superposition, entanglement, teleportation and tunneling arise. Furthermore, since our dimensions disappear, gravity becomes as strong as the other forces and then they all unify on that scale as gravity becomes a strong repulsive force (like dark energy) on that scale and creates the Big Bounce as the event horizons separating the parallel timeverses collapse and the universe cyclically big bangs. This is best represented by quantum loop cosmology, which shows that just as gravity becomes incredibly intense (as D=M/V reaches its maximum) at 10 planck lengths, gravity shuts off and reverses and the density goes down. This represents the ingredients needed to create traversable black hole worm hole conduits and what causes the big bang in the first place! The funny thing is, because of the dualistic nature of reality, our universe/megaverse still is just a quantum particle inside a black hole inside a larger universe and still obeys quantum properties like the ones Ive mentioned above. BTW the larger universe would be a quantum particle inside a black hole inside another universe and so on, until we get back to our own-- an infinite and yet closed loop of universes! More fractal duality! On the macroscopic scale, the complex interplay of different factors and spontaneous symmetry breaking result in the need for measurement-- and thus the uncertainty principle arises. As a matter of fact, we can view the uncertainty principle and the exclusionary principle both forming the boundary between relativity's smooth and continuous space-time and quantum mechanics' discrete planck and subplanck sized packets of space-time, much as we view the duality of light as being both a wave (smooth and continuous) and particle (discrete.) Yet another example of the duality of fractal hierarchy! And just like wormhole tunnels can break through the luxon wall, so can the wall of the uncertainty principle and the exclusionary principle be broken on higher scales using the property of superconductivity-- which is why string theory has been shown to have applications in defining the properties of superconductive materials. Perhaps superconductivity was a fundamental property of the particle universe. The quantum critical state (visualize this as the uncertainty and exclusionary principle's version of the luxon wall since superconductive materials meet with no resistance, thus measurement does not affect outcome and two electrons can be in the same place at the same time or at two different places at the same time-- superposition!) is the tipping point, beyond which electromagnetism becomes superconductive, much like 10 planck lengths is the tipping point beyond which gravity becomes repulsive and starts behaving like dark energy. If we can achieve superconductivity at room temperatures, this represents added hope for constructing wormhole tunnels also, as both represent unifications of the nanoscopic scale of quantum mechanics and the macroscopic scale of relativity (and both behave according to the same laws of electromagnetism and gravity regarding distribution of charge across a single dimension, not area-- partial unification of forces and dimensions right there!) This represents just one of many practical applications of something we all take for granted, magnetism (quantum computing is another), in a way that can be explained in terms of the theory of everything we have all been searching for, in a way that could benefit all of human society in the form of room temperature superconductivity! The next big leap in technological advance! Perhaps the unification already exists in the form of dark energy (ZPE), which could be the macroscopic version of the same repulsive force that gravity is on the quantum scale..... so the same force can both attract and repel and is scale variant, the same way the dimensions and forces are! Yet another duality exists between quantum entanglement, string theory and black holes, as theyve been shown to behave according to the same rules-- which is yet more proof that our universe might be a quantum particle that is entangled within itself inside a black hole of a larger universe (and that these entanglements take the form of black hole worm hole tunnels that intraconnect the universe on many different scales, thus solving both the horizon and the flatness problems-- not only within, but without also-- with parallel timeverses and other megaverses-- as I will illustrate below.) Thus the dual fractal hierarchy of the quantum particle omniverse is born!
Black holes have two horizons, the outer event horizon and the inner cauchy horizon..... one side contains closed space-like geodesics and the other side has closed time like geodesics. Usually the Cauchy Horizon would be considered unstable, but due to the boosting effects of ZPE and the Casimir Effect, it retains stability. The problem is that this results in the negation of cosmic censorship-- which is what resulted in Hawking losing a bet back in 1997.
In 1991, John Preskill and Kip Thorne bet against Stephen Hawking that the hypothesis was false. Hawking conceded the bet in 1997, due to the discovery of the special situations just mentioned, which he characterized as "technicalities". Hawking later reformulated the bet to exclude those technicalities. The revised bet is still open, the prize being "clothing to cover the winner's nakedness"
The fact that the cosmic censorship hypothesis (the idea that space-time "hides" singularities so they cant be seen by the outside observer) has been proven invalid in some circumstances is why its possible that causality can be broken on the most fundamental level. The fact that the cauchy horizon can be stable inside black holes with the help of ZPE (aka matter/energy created out of nothing) has caused some physicists to theorize that the "second" horizon might form the outer boundary of a universe that exists inside the black hole (the ZPE inside would have the effect of causing the universe to bang cyclically and the cauchy horizon would make it curve into itself), because the horizon would have the effect of bending (or lensing) space-time around it and separating the dimensions that exist outside from the ones that exist within. To give an example, let's say we were talking about a black hole in our own universe, you'd have the normal 3+1 dimensions on the outside, the 2+1 dimensions of the holographic principle on the event horizon, but the basic 1+1 dimension (hyperspace plus imaginary time) between the event horizon and the cauchy horizon, and the dimensions of the "innerverse" inside the Cauchy Horizon. The really ironic thing is, it is the gravity inside the black hole which causes not only the cyclic big bangs but also the development of extra dimensions! If we make that allowance (1+1 dimensions inside a black hole), gravity becomes renormalizable and easily unified with the other forces (via quantum gravity).... which is perhaps why the charge of a black hole can be described by a single spatial dimension rather than by area. And while gravity and spin of the black hole might determine the nature of the dimensions of the innerverse, the electromagnetic charge might determine whether or not the innerverse is composed of matter or antimatter. Another reason why the black hole's charge can be described by a single dimension (and the reason why relativity and quantum mechanics both have problems describing black holes and why the forces should be unified inside) is that the black hole is basically a macroscopic quantum particle -- that is, it behaves like a quantum particle but in the macroscopic verse of relativity -- therefore you need the unification of BOTH to understand it. And this is also why the uncertainty and exclusionary principles wont hold inside the event horizon. As a matter of fact, a macroscopic quantum particle like a black hole would be the perfect analogy to room temperature superconductors-- because both are from the quantum world, but exist in the macroscopic world of relativity and can be described using some of the same principles via string theory's gauge gravity duality, awaiting a final theory of everything to be fully understood. This is just another example of the fractal nature of our omniverse!
The region beyond the Cauchy horizon has several surprising features. The r coordinate again behaves like a spatial coordinate and can vary freely. The interior region has a reflection symmetry, so that a (future-directed time-like) curve may continue along a symmetric path, which continues through a second Cauchy horizon, through a second event horizon, and out into a new exterior region which is isometric to the original exterior region of the Kerr solution. The curve could then escape to infinity in the new region or enter the future event horizon of the new exterior region and repeat the process. This second exterior is sometimes thought of as another universe. On the other hand, in the Kerr solution, the singularity is a ring, and the curve may pass through the center of this ring. The region beyond permits closed, time-like curves. Since the trajectory of observers and particles in general relativity are described by time-like curves, it is possible for observers in this region to return to their past.
Earlier I had mentioned parallel timeverses. Since universes are fractal in nature and the size of the dimensions depends on the scale being used, they are subject to quantum effects. The same way that multiple universes can be quantumly entangled, I believe that parallel timeverses (or Layer 1 multiverses) are quantumly superpositioned on top of the parent protoverse. In reality, all time exists at every moment (something Newton and Einstein also intuited) and since all time exists at every moment at a very fundamental level, causality doesnt need to exist on that level and is just a function of the limits of human perception not to be able to process the wholeness of All Time. The speed of light compartmentalizes these parallel timeverses and we need Layer 1 (stellar) wormholes to tunnel through the luxon wall to travel between them.... but one way to think about it is that all these parallel timeverses are merely different compartments of the same universe and only appear to be different universes because the luxon wall is the barrier between them (light exists on the border of all the parallel universes, thus seamlessly traveling between them, as explained by the double slit experiment and its dual nature)-- and this makes the idea of all time existing at every moment and polycausality (including retro and reverse causality) more clear and especially apparent at the basic quantum level where locality and causality dont exist because the dimensions of space and time break down and Pauli's Exclusionary Principle no longer applies. Consider that an alien scientist who was observing our universe from the outside of our parallel multiverse (as a supermassive black hole) would only see ONE universe (if any at all) -- because the parallel timeverses are all part of the same universe, they are just superpositioned together and our speed of light barrier would not be a barrier to an observer outside of the universe and so he/she/it would not perceive single moments of time like we do (of our temporal dimension, at any rate.) That observer would only see a single quantum particle, the quantum superposition of all the parallel timeverses, and the combined quantum states of all of them.... all the pasts, presents and futures, the whole spectrum rather than just one small segment-- which maybe is what we see when we witness quantum wave collapse (while we can observe only one energy level of our universe because the speed of light barrier compartmentalizes it, we can only see one energy level of a universe outside our parallel multiverse because we see the sum total of all the energy levels as one and the same would apply, in reverse, to someone on the outside looking in) -- which shows just how fractally circular the omniverse really is! Viewed this way, all the big bangs of the cyclic universe can be seen as one big bang that is one quantum state of the universe and that always exists, along with all the quantum states that exist in between each "bang." Instead of wave collapse what's really going on is that all causes and all effects are actually occuring simultaneously-- which is why quantum effects seem so weird, since macroscopic reality (or our perception of it) is just an averaging out of everything (and I mean that literally) that occurs at the quantum level. Where fractal hierarchy comes in is when we consider the fact that what is quantum to us is macroscopic to a lower order megaverse which is nested within ours and what we consider macroscopic is quantum to a higher level megaverse in which ours is nested. What causes parallel timeverse formation? Spontaneous symmetry breaking! While we could only see the current state of the CMB on our holographic boundary, on the outside they would see it completely-- past, present and future all rolled into one at the holographic boundary. Of course this would also apply if we were viewing a universe outside of our parallel multiverse-- like inside a supermassive black hole or one created in a lab supercollider, for instance. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle will break down at this level (as experiments are already starting to indicate) as a more fundamental structure (higher order quantum function) takes over. As Ive already explained in Origin 1, I view single stellar black holes as portals to the different compartments of our parallel multiverse (mini black holes would connect intrauniverse), while I feel that supermassive black holes are the gateways to outside parallel multiverses, or other megaverses (universes with different physical laws, constants and/or dimensions) and that micro black holes embedded within quantum foam can explain the Casimir Effect, the quantum properties of entanglement, tunneling, teleportation and superposition and also some of the special effects of quantum consciousness-- including deja vu, premonition, precognition and ESP -- through multidimensional micro worm hole tunneling embedded within the quantum foam of our consciousness. Mini black holes would connect our universe with our antiverse (explained further in Origin 1 and 2.) In the theory of "all time" my view of antiverses complementing every parallel timeverse remains unchanged, as does the Law of Complementary Dimensions, with the universe/antiverse couplet being generated thru pair production. This couplet arises in Kerr Black Holes, as they have no charge, therefore a matter / antimatter couplet is required to balance the energy equation. The black hole end contains the matter universe while the white hole end contains the antimatter universe (refer to the earlier Origins to see how this would work and to see the geometric arrangement of universe/antiverse/mirrorverse-- just adjust to reflect "all time," therefore all times and outcomes occur simultaneously, separated from their matter counterparts by a luxon wall. As always gravity curves the original 1+1 dimensions in different ways to create different dimensioned universes.) Yet another example of fractal wholeness!
I think one of the great tragedies in modern times is specialization– people concentrating so hard in one area that they dont see how it connects to other disciplines. I look up to polymaths and renaissance people, as I think they “got it” as far as being able to see the connections that underlie all of reality. I think it’s all a matter of perspective– the universe exists in many many layers– we are on the inside in some, on the outside in others– and that results in vastly different perceptions of how reality works. The reason we dont see the changes happening when we are on the outside is because (I believe) different dimensional perspectives– different dimensions of space and time. And when we’re on the inside we lack the wholistic, overall perspective of what causes our environment to be the way it is. Thus the differences between quantum mechanics and relativity and the nonlocality problems we face when changing perspectives. However, true unity will mean that all dimensions are reflections of a small basic set of dimensions– and our 3 dimensions of space and 1 of time wont prove to be any more fundamental than the proton and neutron are (which are made of three quarks each.)
Its just been shown that solar flares and cycles actually influence the half lives of radioactive isotopes. It’s funny that we seek to find the theory that unifies everything; perhaps unification already exists around us, but we just keep missing it.
I outlined a thought that life is a reflection of one of the basic properties of our universe. I meant to also add that I believe consciousness goes part and parcel with that– because consciousness can be explained on the quantum level also. Everything is interlinked in a harmonious way to create the wondrously complex and intricate reality all around us and yet the basis for it is marvelously simple and elegant. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has shown that our universe has a fractal hierarchy to it, and I believe that fractal nature exists on every level– it shows how simple elegance can be arranged to create apparent complexity and variety when influenced by various forces and fields.
Not only that, but natural selection has been proven to exist on the quantum level also….. and bubble theories of the universe state that natural selection may be how certain bubbles with particular sets of physical laws and constants expand while others do not.
DNA not only forms its linkages through the electromagnetic force– but it’s also been shown that quantum interactions such as tunneling and superposition create its properties also. Quantum mechanics has also been linked to such biochemical processes as photosynthesis and neurological processes such as how birds navigate during migration.
I dont think you can just separate and box up the different forces — theyre all interrelated and function as a whole. You can see the connections when you analyze the whole system and dont separate it into “chemical” “biological” “physical” or by what forces they interact with “weak” “strong” “EM” “gravity”!
We’ll never have the entire puzzle figured out, but we’ll be able to add more and more pieces so that we get a better idea of the whole picture. Of course the more pieces we add, the more we’ll realize the picture is larger than what we originally thought (has more layers to it)– which will keep us from ever solving it entirely, but will add the to fun of the whole process. After all, if you figure something out completely (if that were even possible) then it loses its purpose and meaning….
I find this really intriguing and the precise values and relative strengths of all the forces being withing a strictly defined range is what makes our universe what it is. Even a small deviation would have resulted in something completely different– a universe in which life might not be possible at all. As a matter of fact, what we call constants, might have varied from one end of the universe to the other and even changed with time. This is why I like the bubble universe idea, because if youre not a fan of fine tuning or intelligent design, the existence of a multitude of universes with their own physical laws as per Tegmark, is the way to go. This is where natural selection also comes in, like at the quantum level, deciding which outcomes would result in a “big bang” universe and which would result in a “big poof” that would be just a virtual particle disappearing back into the sea of exotic matter.
Also, unification of forces that already exists in nature, such as electroweak stars or possibly, black holes, provide us keys as to what the universe was like in its extreme infancy, when the forces had not yet precipitated out of their “solution.” As a matter of fact, unification may be much closer than we think as I recently read a research article that explains superconductivity using the same physics as is used to explain black holes. This might even result in the first *gasp* tangible victory for string theory.
The inspiration for Origin 6
Nikodem Poplawski’s Cosmology with Torsion
arxiv.org/abs/1007.0587
Baby Universe Creation by Black Holes confirmed theoretically
Why Our Universe Must Have Been Born Inside a Black Hole
Posted: 12 Jul 2010 09:10 PM PDT
A small change to the theory of gravity implies that our universe inherited its arrow of time from the black hole in which it was born.
“Accordingly, our own Universe may be the interior of a black hole existing in another universe.” So concludes Nikodem Poplawski at Indiana University in a remarkable paper about the nature of space and the origin of time.
The idea that new universes can be created inside black holes and that our own may have originated in this way has been the raw fodder of science fiction for many years. But a proper scientific derivation of the notion has never emerged.
Today Poplawski provides such a derivation. He says the idea that black holes are the cosmic mothers of new universes is a natural consequence of a simple new assumption about the nature of spacetime.
Poplawski points out that the standard derivation of general relativity takes no account of the intrinsic momentum of spin half particles. However there is another version of the theory, called the Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama theory of gravity, which does.
There is a hierarchical fractal order to the universe on many different levels and and I believe that what we call “natural law” is simply an intrinsic property of the universe– like a basic property of a subatomic particle (charge, spin, etc.) The universe was just a particle at some point and I believe the properties from its infancy have been retained and express themselves in varied ways in the reality we see around us.
Similarly, particle universes with different properties would result in universes with different “natural laws.”
Actually, you can consider life itself a fundamental property of the universe. Did you know that quantum linkages have been found to exist inside biological systems, including DNA? It makes me think that life is– literally– universal.
This is another example of hierarchical fractal layers: Think of a sea of exotic matter with small bubbles with spontaneously decreasing entropy that BANG…. these would be bubble universes, like the one from which our universe was born. So life would also be like this– spontaneous areas of order that pop up and slowly wind down (like what our universe itself is doing.) This natural law / property of the bubble universe exists from the quantum level all the way up to the largest structures — including life itself. It’s as if we have been branded by the particular universe we exist in by the very nature of its formation.
What about the idea of a universe created within another universe by an advanced alien civilization? This idea has been proposed by some physicists and cosmologists and of course then we have the problem of where those aliens came from. In an infinite but self-limited fractal omniverse hierarchy which exists both inside and outside of space-time, of course, you can create a loop whereby cause and effect become one and the same and the creation becomes the creator– thereby solving that problem.
Regarding supersymmetry: Are sparticles really separate higher dimensional versions of “conventional” particles or could it be that “conventional” particles are actually the part of sparticles that we can actually see, because we cant detect the whole particle with our limited perspective…. sort of like the particles’ “soul?” I envision conventional particles as the part we can see through our “peephole” (like when Saturn's rings are seen edge on through a telescope) while the sparticle itself represents the full extent of the same particle. In this case, a conventional particle would merely be a shadow of a sparticle. Perhaps we will be able to see them with the LHC– which could open up a whole new avenue into research of that which we cant detect with the conventional senses or at lower energies…. getting us closer to a more fundamental and wideranging view of reality…. both from the reductionist and the wholistic point of view!
There is no initial cosmological singularity. The singularity you speak of originates from the failing of relativity to explain the initial boundary conditions of our universe. Once we find a way to unify quantum mechanics and relativity the singularity problem will disappear -- not only from the beginning of the universe, but also from what we call "black holes." As a matter of fact, physics right now is leaning towards the idea that black holes are the birth places of other universes just like ours did inside a relatively larger universe.
And something did exist before the space-time dimensions which we perceive, because our universe originated as a quantum particle inside a cosmic soup of particles, the existence and destruction of which depends on the extant physical laws and constants present inside each universe. Consider it the quantum version of the laws of evolution and natural selection. Hawkings' terms for the original time dimension that existed before the big bang is called "Imaginary Time." Consider imaginary time to be a dimension of time that runs perpendicular to the one of which we are aware. Sort of like the Y-axis of time compared to the X-axis of our time. When this is taken into account, the singularity at the big bang disappears. (It also allows us to graphically represent parallel timeverses, but that's beyond the scope of this post-- see Origin 1 and 2 for more details.) A competing model, called quantum loop cosmology also resolves the singularity by stating that at extremely small volumes, the density formula (D=M/V) fails and therefore there is no singularity. As a matter of fact, at diameters below 10 planck lengths, density actually goes down, even if you pack more mass into a given volume -- thus the idea of baby universes inside black holes. When thinking about this, I thought it reasonable to assume that one of the reasons that black holes present themselves as singularities is because all the forces are unified just inside their boundaries. This makes sense when you think about it, because we already have electroweak stars which unify the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces and presenting black holes as the final result of compact force unification rather than simple gravitational collapse is also a graphic way to explain what happens when the matter inside is crushed to a pulp and converted into exotic matter that no longer follows the laws of our universe. Also, force unification inside black holes would satisfy the initial boundary conditions that led to the formation of our own universe and should thus also be a prerequisite to the creation of other universes and the breakdown of relativity on that scale-- because it doesnt allow for unification (something which Einstein spent the rest of his life in a futile pursuit of attempting to achieve -- along with a similarly futile pursuit of trying to disprove quantum mechanics. Verification of this should be possible at the LHC when it is up and running at full capacity-- as a matter of fact, physicists have toyed with the idea of creating designer baby universes (most notably Andrei Linde) that would expand into their own dimensions and curve into themselves. This is where the idea of a universe being designed by an intelligent being with physical laws and constants of his/her/its/their choosing (as their signature) originated from. What most people dont know is that Einstein was actually working on a theory of multiple dimensions very similar to string theory just prior to his death.) According to QLC, instead of a singularity, the universe doesnt bang at all, instead it goes "inside out" at each point of apparent origin and thus is both infinite and self-limited. Like a Mobius strip. Dimensions are in loops. Travel far enough in one direction and you end up back at your starting point. The funny thing is that relativity already allows for this close to the outer boundaries of black holes in the form of closed timelike curves (CTCs), which is time looping back in on itself. As the universe expands, the size of the loops would expand also. As a matter of fact, the whole universe would be one large loop that goes back to the beginning each time. The loops would have bridges or tunnels between them (seen from the "surface" of the strip as black holes or worm holes) inside which the forces are unified and where baby universes are formed which exchange matter and energy with the parent universe. With time, as the universe expands, the bridges would distend and eventually the baby universe would be cut off from its parent, much like a biological baby gets cut off from the mother's placenta, even as new connections were formed, both between the parent and new baby universes, and also between the babies and the baby universes would give birth to their own. Since the fractal hierarchy is preserved, this looplike structure would also exist on the omniverse level, where the universes of each megaverse would be connected like spokes on a wheel, with new connections being developed even as old ones are broken, and the free flow of matter and energy keeping everything in balance. The question of the beginning of the omniverse would have no real answer as the cosmic loop with connecting bridges ensures that all moments in time exist simultaneously so there is no beginning or end-- just like with our own universe! Causality doesnt exist on this fundamental level-- just like it doesnt exist at the quantum level-- and neither does the speed of light limit, which is more of a natural boundary condition meant to separate the universes (but which can be gated with wormholes to keep the whole system in balance-- gravity being the agent of entropy which keeps everything flowing and keeps the omniverse in dynamic equilibrium.)
As far as space and time giving way to something more basic at the big bang and prior, this is also used as a way to explain quantum mechanics nonlocality properties like superposition (two particles being in exactly the same place at the same time), teleportation, tunneling, entanglement etc. Since the universe was once a quantum particle, it once behaved according to the same rules (and might still, depending on perspective.) On the quantum scale, space and time dont exist as we see them on the macroscopic scale, they give way to more fundamental nonlocal properties which make the quantum effects ("spooky action at a distance") possible.
I like many of Penrose's ideas as well (specifically quantum theories of consciousness-- but even that has given way to a more likely David Bohm interpretation.) See Origin 4: Consciousness for more details.
BTW, in the above post, I havent even mentioned the most fascinating aspect of cosmology-- the fact that the holographic principle seems to hold true -- that our universe can actually be described in D-1 dimensions (D= the 3 spatial dimensions in our case) and the fact that the holographic principle can be used to test the multiple universe theory, which should exist as (for lack of a better term) shadows in the background of the cosmic background radiation (CMB) which contains the holographic information of our universe-- just like our universe's black holes (other universes) contain all their information at the holographic boundary (another sign of fractalization.) Such testing is already underway.
Being holographic information on the surface of a black hole / quantum particle means the third spatial dimension is merely an illusory effect created by gravity as it curves space-time into a loop (a megaverse sized CTC) by acting on the original dimensions of hyperspace and imaginary time. And the reason why photons of light dont experience the passage of time as they travel at light speed is because they exist on the luxon wall-- the event horizon of the black hole, the outer boundary of space-time itself, where it meets hyperspace and imaginary time!
Gravity is the entropic force that keeps the omniverse in balance by redistributing matter and energy via different sized black hole / worm hole tunnels-- dark energy or quintessence being the result-- as one megaverse expands another contracts and the balance is preserved.
The megaverse includes all the parallel timeverses of a given universe, each with the same physical laws and constants. All the megaverses of different laws and constants make up the omniverse. But the component universes/timeverses of each megaverse all have the same physical laws and constants and therefore expand and contract together. The differences between them (the parallel timelines) are due to lack of causality at the fundamental level (because all time and all outcomes exist simultaneously and there is no speed of light limit at the quantum level to compartmentalize reality)-- the causality we see on the macroscopic scale (as well as space-time and the uncertainty principle) is merely an averaging or smoothing out of more elementary factors that exist at the subplanck level and inside black holes (as well as the perception of a single universe, which was a limitation of Relativity, which the quantum universe has eradicated)-- which is the scale of the omniverse [at which all universes, megaverses, etc can be seen as quantum particles bubbling in a sea of ZPE (the redistribution of which causes some megaverses to expand while others contract, thus preserving the cosmic balance and resulting in cyclic big bangs, at which point all the parallel timeverses of a specific megaverse become one, as the event horizon separating them from each other and the bulk temporarily collapses, thus causing the cyclic "Big Bang" rebound), where the forces are all united and the original dimensions of hyperspace, imaginary time and gravity hold sway-- thus, the real reason why black holes curve space-time, cause CTCs and have such intense gravitation-- as they are tapping into its source.] The reason why the uncertainty principle loses its effect at the quantum level is that the omniverse at that scale is purely mathematical, thus removing the need to be "measured"-- it behaves according to simple mathematical constructs and formulae, which give rise to all the structures we see around us (atoms, solar systems, star clusters, galaxies, etc) in a fractal hierarchy. The reason the fractal hierarchy exists is that the four dimensional universe we perceive is actually only two dimensional (hyperspace plus imaginary time) on the smallest of scales (thus the mathematics of quantum gravity describe it perfectly, without need for the kind of measurement a complex 4D space-time requires), which in dualistic terms, places us inside a black hole inside a larger universe with the CMB and light on the holographic boundary and gravity creating the perception of the other dimensions as it curves space-time into a closed loop. To sum up, our four dimensions (three spatial plus one temporal) reduce to three (two dimensional plus one temporal) at the planck scale, as gravity is shown to create the third spatial dimension on our scale, and in the subplanckian realm, the number of dimensions is further reduced to 2 (hyperspace and imaginary time) as our familiar space-time is replaced by "no space" and "all time" and causality, the speed of light limit and the uncertainty and exclusionary principles disappear as their boundaries are crossed (similar to crossing a microwormhole embedded in quantum foam) and the quantum properties of superposition, entanglement, teleportation and tunneling arise. Furthermore, since our dimensions disappear, gravity becomes as strong as the other forces and then they all unify on that scale as gravity becomes a strong repulsive force (like dark energy) on that scale and creates the Big Bounce as the event horizons separating the parallel timeverses collapse and the universe cyclically big bangs. This is best represented by quantum loop cosmology, which shows that just as gravity becomes incredibly intense (as D=M/V reaches its maximum) at 10 planck lengths, gravity shuts off and reverses and the density goes down. This represents the ingredients needed to create traversable black hole worm hole conduits and what causes the big bang in the first place! The funny thing is, because of the dualistic nature of reality, our universe/megaverse still is just a quantum particle inside a black hole inside a larger universe and still obeys quantum properties like the ones Ive mentioned above. BTW the larger universe would be a quantum particle inside a black hole inside another universe and so on, until we get back to our own-- an infinite and yet closed loop of universes! More fractal duality! On the macroscopic scale, the complex interplay of different factors and spontaneous symmetry breaking result in the need for measurement-- and thus the uncertainty principle arises. As a matter of fact, we can view the uncertainty principle and the exclusionary principle both forming the boundary between relativity's smooth and continuous space-time and quantum mechanics' discrete planck and subplanck sized packets of space-time, much as we view the duality of light as being both a wave (smooth and continuous) and particle (discrete.) Yet another example of the duality of fractal hierarchy! And just like wormhole tunnels can break through the luxon wall, so can the wall of the uncertainty principle and the exclusionary principle be broken on higher scales using the property of superconductivity-- which is why string theory has been shown to have applications in defining the properties of superconductive materials. Perhaps superconductivity was a fundamental property of the particle universe. The quantum critical state (visualize this as the uncertainty and exclusionary principle's version of the luxon wall since superconductive materials meet with no resistance, thus measurement does not affect outcome and two electrons can be in the same place at the same time or at two different places at the same time-- superposition!) is the tipping point, beyond which electromagnetism becomes superconductive, much like 10 planck lengths is the tipping point beyond which gravity becomes repulsive and starts behaving like dark energy. If we can achieve superconductivity at room temperatures, this represents added hope for constructing wormhole tunnels also, as both represent unifications of the nanoscopic scale of quantum mechanics and the macroscopic scale of relativity (and both behave according to the same laws of electromagnetism and gravity regarding distribution of charge across a single dimension, not area-- partial unification of forces and dimensions right there!) This represents just one of many practical applications of something we all take for granted, magnetism (quantum computing is another), in a way that can be explained in terms of the theory of everything we have all been searching for, in a way that could benefit all of human society in the form of room temperature superconductivity! The next big leap in technological advance! Perhaps the unification already exists in the form of dark energy (ZPE), which could be the macroscopic version of the same repulsive force that gravity is on the quantum scale..... so the same force can both attract and repel and is scale variant, the same way the dimensions and forces are! Yet another duality exists between quantum entanglement, string theory and black holes, as theyve been shown to behave according to the same rules-- which is yet more proof that our universe might be a quantum particle that is entangled within itself inside a black hole of a larger universe (and that these entanglements take the form of black hole worm hole tunnels that intraconnect the universe on many different scales, thus solving both the horizon and the flatness problems-- not only within, but without also-- with parallel timeverses and other megaverses-- as I will illustrate below.) Thus the dual fractal hierarchy of the quantum particle omniverse is born!
Black holes have two horizons, the outer event horizon and the inner cauchy horizon..... one side contains closed space-like geodesics and the other side has closed time like geodesics. Usually the Cauchy Horizon would be considered unstable, but due to the boosting effects of ZPE and the Casimir Effect, it retains stability. The problem is that this results in the negation of cosmic censorship-- which is what resulted in Hawking losing a bet back in 1997.
In 1991, John Preskill and Kip Thorne bet against Stephen Hawking that the hypothesis was false. Hawking conceded the bet in 1997, due to the discovery of the special situations just mentioned, which he characterized as "technicalities". Hawking later reformulated the bet to exclude those technicalities. The revised bet is still open, the prize being "clothing to cover the winner's nakedness"
The fact that the cosmic censorship hypothesis (the idea that space-time "hides" singularities so they cant be seen by the outside observer) has been proven invalid in some circumstances is why its possible that causality can be broken on the most fundamental level. The fact that the cauchy horizon can be stable inside black holes with the help of ZPE (aka matter/energy created out of nothing) has caused some physicists to theorize that the "second" horizon might form the outer boundary of a universe that exists inside the black hole (the ZPE inside would have the effect of causing the universe to bang cyclically and the cauchy horizon would make it curve into itself), because the horizon would have the effect of bending (or lensing) space-time around it and separating the dimensions that exist outside from the ones that exist within. To give an example, let's say we were talking about a black hole in our own universe, you'd have the normal 3+1 dimensions on the outside, the 2+1 dimensions of the holographic principle on the event horizon, but the basic 1+1 dimension (hyperspace plus imaginary time) between the event horizon and the cauchy horizon, and the dimensions of the "innerverse" inside the Cauchy Horizon. The really ironic thing is, it is the gravity inside the black hole which causes not only the cyclic big bangs but also the development of extra dimensions! If we make that allowance (1+1 dimensions inside a black hole), gravity becomes renormalizable and easily unified with the other forces (via quantum gravity).... which is perhaps why the charge of a black hole can be described by a single spatial dimension rather than by area. And while gravity and spin of the black hole might determine the nature of the dimensions of the innerverse, the electromagnetic charge might determine whether or not the innerverse is composed of matter or antimatter. Another reason why the black hole's charge can be described by a single dimension (and the reason why relativity and quantum mechanics both have problems describing black holes and why the forces should be unified inside) is that the black hole is basically a macroscopic quantum particle -- that is, it behaves like a quantum particle but in the macroscopic verse of relativity -- therefore you need the unification of BOTH to understand it. And this is also why the uncertainty and exclusionary principles wont hold inside the event horizon. As a matter of fact, a macroscopic quantum particle like a black hole would be the perfect analogy to room temperature superconductors-- because both are from the quantum world, but exist in the macroscopic world of relativity and can be described using some of the same principles via string theory's gauge gravity duality, awaiting a final theory of everything to be fully understood. This is just another example of the fractal nature of our omniverse!
The region beyond the Cauchy horizon has several surprising features. The r coordinate again behaves like a spatial coordinate and can vary freely. The interior region has a reflection symmetry, so that a (future-directed time-like) curve may continue along a symmetric path, which continues through a second Cauchy horizon, through a second event horizon, and out into a new exterior region which is isometric to the original exterior region of the Kerr solution. The curve could then escape to infinity in the new region or enter the future event horizon of the new exterior region and repeat the process. This second exterior is sometimes thought of as another universe. On the other hand, in the Kerr solution, the singularity is a ring, and the curve may pass through the center of this ring. The region beyond permits closed, time-like curves. Since the trajectory of observers and particles in general relativity are described by time-like curves, it is possible for observers in this region to return to their past.
Earlier I had mentioned parallel timeverses. Since universes are fractal in nature and the size of the dimensions depends on the scale being used, they are subject to quantum effects. The same way that multiple universes can be quantumly entangled, I believe that parallel timeverses (or Layer 1 multiverses) are quantumly superpositioned on top of the parent protoverse. In reality, all time exists at every moment (something Newton and Einstein also intuited) and since all time exists at every moment at a very fundamental level, causality doesnt need to exist on that level and is just a function of the limits of human perception not to be able to process the wholeness of All Time. The speed of light compartmentalizes these parallel timeverses and we need Layer 1 (stellar) wormholes to tunnel through the luxon wall to travel between them.... but one way to think about it is that all these parallel timeverses are merely different compartments of the same universe and only appear to be different universes because the luxon wall is the barrier between them (light exists on the border of all the parallel universes, thus seamlessly traveling between them, as explained by the double slit experiment and its dual nature)-- and this makes the idea of all time existing at every moment and polycausality (including retro and reverse causality) more clear and especially apparent at the basic quantum level where locality and causality dont exist because the dimensions of space and time break down and Pauli's Exclusionary Principle no longer applies. Consider that an alien scientist who was observing our universe from the outside of our parallel multiverse (as a supermassive black hole) would only see ONE universe (if any at all) -- because the parallel timeverses are all part of the same universe, they are just superpositioned together and our speed of light barrier would not be a barrier to an observer outside of the universe and so he/she/it would not perceive single moments of time like we do (of our temporal dimension, at any rate.) That observer would only see a single quantum particle, the quantum superposition of all the parallel timeverses, and the combined quantum states of all of them.... all the pasts, presents and futures, the whole spectrum rather than just one small segment-- which maybe is what we see when we witness quantum wave collapse (while we can observe only one energy level of our universe because the speed of light barrier compartmentalizes it, we can only see one energy level of a universe outside our parallel multiverse because we see the sum total of all the energy levels as one and the same would apply, in reverse, to someone on the outside looking in) -- which shows just how fractally circular the omniverse really is! Viewed this way, all the big bangs of the cyclic universe can be seen as one big bang that is one quantum state of the universe and that always exists, along with all the quantum states that exist in between each "bang." Instead of wave collapse what's really going on is that all causes and all effects are actually occuring simultaneously-- which is why quantum effects seem so weird, since macroscopic reality (or our perception of it) is just an averaging out of everything (and I mean that literally) that occurs at the quantum level. Where fractal hierarchy comes in is when we consider the fact that what is quantum to us is macroscopic to a lower order megaverse which is nested within ours and what we consider macroscopic is quantum to a higher level megaverse in which ours is nested. What causes parallel timeverse formation? Spontaneous symmetry breaking! While we could only see the current state of the CMB on our holographic boundary, on the outside they would see it completely-- past, present and future all rolled into one at the holographic boundary. Of course this would also apply if we were viewing a universe outside of our parallel multiverse-- like inside a supermassive black hole or one created in a lab supercollider, for instance. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle will break down at this level (as experiments are already starting to indicate) as a more fundamental structure (higher order quantum function) takes over. As Ive already explained in Origin 1, I view single stellar black holes as portals to the different compartments of our parallel multiverse (mini black holes would connect intrauniverse), while I feel that supermassive black holes are the gateways to outside parallel multiverses, or other megaverses (universes with different physical laws, constants and/or dimensions) and that micro black holes embedded within quantum foam can explain the Casimir Effect, the quantum properties of entanglement, tunneling, teleportation and superposition and also some of the special effects of quantum consciousness-- including deja vu, premonition, precognition and ESP -- through multidimensional micro worm hole tunneling embedded within the quantum foam of our consciousness. Mini black holes would connect our universe with our antiverse (explained further in Origin 1 and 2.) In the theory of "all time" my view of antiverses complementing every parallel timeverse remains unchanged, as does the Law of Complementary Dimensions, with the universe/antiverse couplet being generated thru pair production. This couplet arises in Kerr Black Holes, as they have no charge, therefore a matter / antimatter couplet is required to balance the energy equation. The black hole end contains the matter universe while the white hole end contains the antimatter universe (refer to the earlier Origins to see how this would work and to see the geometric arrangement of universe/antiverse/mirrorverse-- just adjust to reflect "all time," therefore all times and outcomes occur simultaneously, separated from their matter counterparts by a luxon wall. As always gravity curves the original 1+1 dimensions in different ways to create different dimensioned universes.) Yet another example of fractal wholeness!
I think one of the great tragedies in modern times is specialization– people concentrating so hard in one area that they dont see how it connects to other disciplines. I look up to polymaths and renaissance people, as I think they “got it” as far as being able to see the connections that underlie all of reality. I think it’s all a matter of perspective– the universe exists in many many layers– we are on the inside in some, on the outside in others– and that results in vastly different perceptions of how reality works. The reason we dont see the changes happening when we are on the outside is because (I believe) different dimensional perspectives– different dimensions of space and time. And when we’re on the inside we lack the wholistic, overall perspective of what causes our environment to be the way it is. Thus the differences between quantum mechanics and relativity and the nonlocality problems we face when changing perspectives. However, true unity will mean that all dimensions are reflections of a small basic set of dimensions– and our 3 dimensions of space and 1 of time wont prove to be any more fundamental than the proton and neutron are (which are made of three quarks each.)
Its just been shown that solar flares and cycles actually influence the half lives of radioactive isotopes. It’s funny that we seek to find the theory that unifies everything; perhaps unification already exists around us, but we just keep missing it.
I outlined a thought that life is a reflection of one of the basic properties of our universe. I meant to also add that I believe consciousness goes part and parcel with that– because consciousness can be explained on the quantum level also. Everything is interlinked in a harmonious way to create the wondrously complex and intricate reality all around us and yet the basis for it is marvelously simple and elegant. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has shown that our universe has a fractal hierarchy to it, and I believe that fractal nature exists on every level– it shows how simple elegance can be arranged to create apparent complexity and variety when influenced by various forces and fields.
Not only that, but natural selection has been proven to exist on the quantum level also….. and bubble theories of the universe state that natural selection may be how certain bubbles with particular sets of physical laws and constants expand while others do not.
DNA not only forms its linkages through the electromagnetic force– but it’s also been shown that quantum interactions such as tunneling and superposition create its properties also. Quantum mechanics has also been linked to such biochemical processes as photosynthesis and neurological processes such as how birds navigate during migration.
I dont think you can just separate and box up the different forces — theyre all interrelated and function as a whole. You can see the connections when you analyze the whole system and dont separate it into “chemical” “biological” “physical” or by what forces they interact with “weak” “strong” “EM” “gravity”!
We’ll never have the entire puzzle figured out, but we’ll be able to add more and more pieces so that we get a better idea of the whole picture. Of course the more pieces we add, the more we’ll realize the picture is larger than what we originally thought (has more layers to it)– which will keep us from ever solving it entirely, but will add the to fun of the whole process. After all, if you figure something out completely (if that were even possible) then it loses its purpose and meaning….
I find this really intriguing and the precise values and relative strengths of all the forces being withing a strictly defined range is what makes our universe what it is. Even a small deviation would have resulted in something completely different– a universe in which life might not be possible at all. As a matter of fact, what we call constants, might have varied from one end of the universe to the other and even changed with time. This is why I like the bubble universe idea, because if youre not a fan of fine tuning or intelligent design, the existence of a multitude of universes with their own physical laws as per Tegmark, is the way to go. This is where natural selection also comes in, like at the quantum level, deciding which outcomes would result in a “big bang” universe and which would result in a “big poof” that would be just a virtual particle disappearing back into the sea of exotic matter.
Also, unification of forces that already exists in nature, such as electroweak stars or possibly, black holes, provide us keys as to what the universe was like in its extreme infancy, when the forces had not yet precipitated out of their “solution.” As a matter of fact, unification may be much closer than we think as I recently read a research article that explains superconductivity using the same physics as is used to explain black holes. This might even result in the first *gasp* tangible victory for string theory.
The inspiration for Origin 6
Nikodem Poplawski’s Cosmology with Torsion
arxiv.org/abs/1007.0587
Baby Universe Creation by Black Holes confirmed theoretically
Why Our Universe Must Have Been Born Inside a Black Hole
Posted: 12 Jul 2010 09:10 PM PDT
A small change to the theory of gravity implies that our universe inherited its arrow of time from the black hole in which it was born.
“Accordingly, our own Universe may be the interior of a black hole existing in another universe.” So concludes Nikodem Poplawski at Indiana University in a remarkable paper about the nature of space and the origin of time.
The idea that new universes can be created inside black holes and that our own may have originated in this way has been the raw fodder of science fiction for many years. But a proper scientific derivation of the notion has never emerged.
Today Poplawski provides such a derivation. He says the idea that black holes are the cosmic mothers of new universes is a natural consequence of a simple new assumption about the nature of spacetime.
Poplawski points out that the standard derivation of general relativity takes no account of the intrinsic momentum of spin half particles. However there is another version of the theory, called the Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama theory of gravity, which does.
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